Aneurysmectomy with arterial reconstruction of renal artery aneurysms in the endovascular era: a safe, effective treatment for both aneurysm and associated hypertension

Abstract

Background: Renal artery aneurysms (RAAs) represent a rare vascular pathology with an estimated incidence of <1%. Although an endovascular approach is being increasingly used to treat RAAs, we hypothesized that open surgical repair of RAA, specifically via aneurysmectomy with arterial reconstruction (AAR), is a safe, effective treatment, particularly for those with complex aneurysm anatomy.

Methods: A review was performed of all patients with RAA, identified by ICD-9 codes, from January 2003 to December 2008 seen at a tertiary care medical center. Data were collected regarding patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, surgical repair, and outcomes, as well as follow-up care.

Results: A total of 14 patients (10 women and 4 men; mean age, 48+/-19 years) were included, representing 15 aneurysms. Ten aneurysms underwent open repair via AAR and five were followed nonoperatively. Mean RAA size was larger for those undergoing repair (2.12 cm vs. 1.62 cm, p=0.037). Seven RAAs were repaired in situ with either patch angioplasty or primary repair; three required ex vivo reconstruction; and none underwent bypass. Average operative time was similar for repair type, with a higher blood loss with ex vivo repair. Median length of stay was 5 days (range, 4 to 14 days). Operative repair had no effect on mean systolic blood pressure or GFR. This repair, however, resulted in lower medication requirement for those with concurrent hypertension (2.7 pre vs. 1.6 post, p=0.03). There was a trend toward shorter time until oral intake for retroperitoneal approach compared with transperitoneal. Mean follow-up time was 11.6 months (range, 3 to 30 months). No incidences of rupture, death, nephrectomy, or renal failure occurred in the operative group.

Conclusion: In the era of endovascular repairs for RAAs, open repair, specifically via AAR, of RAAs remains a safe treatment with low associated morbidity. RAA repair resulted in a reduction in medications for those with associated hypertension. Open repair of RAAs should be the primary treatment modality for complex RAA, with specific consideration given to those with associated hypertension.