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. 2010 Feb;58(1):113-8.
doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2009.00641.x. Epub 2009 Nov 2.

A molecular map of chloroquine resistance in Mali

Abdoulaye A Djimde  1 , Breanna Barger, Aminatou Kone, Abdoul H Beavogui, Mamadou Tekete, Bakary Fofana, Antoine Dara, Hamma Maiga, Demba Dembele, Sekou Toure, Souleymane Dama, Dinkorma Ouologuem, Cheick Papa Oumar Sangare, Amagana Dolo, Nofomo Sogoba, Karamoko Nimaga, Yacouba Kone, Ogobara K Doumbo
Affiliations

A molecular map of chloroquine resistance in Mali

Abdoulaye A Djimde et al. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2010 Feb.

Abstract

Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance (CQR) transporter point mutation (PfCRT 76T) is known to be the key determinant of CQR. Molecular detection of PfCRT 76T in field samples may be used for the surveillance of CQR in malaria-endemic countries. The genotype-resistance index (GRI), which is obtained as the ratio of the prevalence of PfCRT 76T to the incidence of CQR in a clinical trial, was proposed as a simple and practical molecular-based addition to the tools currently available for monitoring CQR in the field. In order to validate the GRI model across populations, time, and resistance patterns, we compiled data from the literature and generated new data from 12 sites across Mali. We found a mean PfCRT 76T mutation prevalence of 84.5% (range 60.9-95.1%) across all sites. CQR rates predicted from the GRI model were extrapolated onto a map of Mali to show the patterns of resistance throughout the participating regions. We present a comprehensive map of CQR in Mali, which strongly supports recent changes in drug policy away from chloroquine.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Predicted and observed in vivo resistance based on the prevalence of the PfCRT 76Tmutation using the GRI model (GRI = 2.1). CQR =CQR; R= resistance
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prevalence of the PfCRT 76Tmutation and the predicted and observed rate of in vivo resistance across three West African countries based on the Mali GRI of 2.1. *: Villages from Burkina Faso
Figure 3
Figure 3
Map of GRI predicted in vivo resistance to chloroquine in Mali.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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