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. 2010 Apr;26(4):320-5.
doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.11.153. Epub 2009 Dec 31.

Chlorhexidine stabilizes the adhesive interface: a 2-year in vitro study

Lorenzo Breschi  1 , Annalisa Mazzoni, Fernando Nato, Marcela Carrilho, Erika Visintini, Leo Tjäderhane, Alessandra Ruggeri Jr, Franklin R Tay, Elettra De Stefano Dorigo, David H Pashley
Affiliations

Chlorhexidine stabilizes the adhesive interface: a 2-year in vitro study

Lorenzo Breschi et al. Dent Mater. 2010 Apr.

Abstract

Objectives: This study evaluated the role of endogenous dentin MMPs in auto-degradation of collagen fibrils within adhesive-bonded interfaces. The null hypotheses tested were that adhesive blends or chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) application does not modify dentin MMPs activity and that CHX used as therapeutic primer does not improve the stability of adhesive interfaces over time.

Methods: Zymograms of protein extracts from human dentin powder incubated with Adper Scotchbond 1XT (SB1XT) on untreated or 0.2-2% CHX-treated dentin were obtained to assay dentin MMPs activity. Microtensile bond strength and interfacial nanoleakage expression of SB1XT bonded interfaces (with or without CHX pre-treatment for 30s on the etched surface) were analyzed immediately and after 2 years of storage in artificial saliva at 37 degrees C.

Results: Zymograms showed that application of SB1XT to human dentin powder increases MMP-2 activity, while CHX pre-treatment inhibited all dentin gelatinolytic activity, irrespective from the tested concentration. CHX significantly lowered the loss of bond strength and nanoleakage seen in acid-etched resin-bonded dentin artificially aged for 2 years.

Significance: The study demonstrates the active role of SB1XT in dentin MMP-2 activation and the efficacy of CHX inhibition of MMPs even if used at low concentration (0.2%).

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Gelatin zymogram of MMPs from dentin extracts after sonication, TCA precipitation, resuspension and activation with 2 mM APMA for 1 hour. Molecular masses, expressed in kDa, are reported in Std lane. Lane 1: Absence of any gelatinolytic activities in proteins extracted from mineralized dentin powder; Lane 2: identification of MMP-2 and -9 isoforms in H3PO4-treated dentin; Lane 3: MMPs isoforms detected in mineralized dentin powder after incubation with SB1XT for 24 hrs produced an increase in gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and a decrease of MMP-9 compared to the H3PO4-demineralized dentin; Lanes 4 and 5: incubation with 0.2 or 2% CHX respectively and SB1XT, produced complete inhibition of all forms of MMP-2 and -9 activity.
Figure 2
Figure 2
TEM image obtained combining numerous micrographs of a representative specimen treated with 0.2% CHX for 30s, then bonded with SB1XT and stored for 2 yr in artificial saliva at 37°C. The adhesive (A) interface revealed only very few scattered particles of silver nanoleakage within the hybrid layers (HL). MD = mineralized dentin; T = dentinal tubules; A = filled adhesive. Bar = 2 μm.
Figure 3
Figure 3
TEM image obtained combining numerous micrographs of a representative control specimen bonded with SB1XT and stored for 2 yr in artificial saliva at 37°C. This control adhesive interface reveals extensive interfacial silver nanoleakage due to individual silver grains and large clusters of silver deposits within the collagen fibrils of the hybrid layer (HL). Abbreviations are same as in Fig. 2. Bar = 2 μm.
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