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. 2009 Jan 1;14(1):19-43.
doi: 10.1080/15250000802569660.

A Longitudinal Examination of Physiological Regulation in Cocaine-Exposed Infants Across the First 7 Months of Life

Pamela Schuetze  1 , Rina D Eiden, Ellen P Edwards
Affiliations

A Longitudinal Examination of Physiological Regulation in Cocaine-Exposed Infants Across the First 7 Months of Life

Pamela Schuetze et al. Infancy. .

Abstract

This study examined the association between prenatal exposure to cocaine and physiological regulation across the first 7 months of age. Measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) were obtained from 169 (82 cocaine-exposed and 87 nonexposed) infants during baseline periods at 1 month and 7 months of age and during tasks designed to elicit positive and negative affect at 7 months of age. After controlling for maternal age, gestational age, and obstetrical risk, structural equation modeling indicated that the association between prenatal exposure to cocaine and baseline RSA at 7 months of age was direct even in the presence of an indirect effect through baseline RSA at 1 month of age. There were no indirect effects through maternal affect during mother-infant interactions assessed at 1 month of age. Analyses also indicated a direct association between prenatal exposure to cocaine and RSA regulation to negative affect at 7 months of age.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Hypothetical model. This figure includes the hypothesized indirect paths, which were examined first. Direct paths from prenatal substance use to the 7-month variables were then added to this model and tested in the presence of the indirect paths.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Indirect effects. Only significant paths were included in the figure. The model tested included covariances between residuals for the 1-month variables.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Direct effects. Only significant paths were included in the figure. The model tested included covariances between residuals for the 1-month variables.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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