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. 2010 Mar;64(3):280-8.
doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.137. Epub 2010 Jan 6.

Predictors of vitamin D biochemical status in a large sample of middle-aged male smokers in Finland

K E Brock  1 , B I Graubard, D R Fraser, S J Weinstein, R Z Stolzenberg-Solomon, U Lim, J A Tangrea, J Virtamo, L Ke, K Snyder, D Albanes
Affiliations

Predictors of vitamin D biochemical status in a large sample of middle-aged male smokers in Finland

K E Brock et al. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Mar.

Abstract

Background/objectives: As vitamin D deficiency is considered to be more common in regions with little solar ultraviolet (UV) light in winter, the aim of this study was to analyze predictors of vitamin D status by season within a large sample of male smokers from Finland, a country where there is negligible solar UV light in winter.

Subjects/methods: Vitamin D (measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) nmol/l) and other serum constituents were assayed. Measured anthropometry, and self-reported dietary intake and physical activity (PA) were obtained and analyzed using stepwise multiple linear and logistic regression in 2271 middle-aged Finnish male smokers.

Results: In all, 27% of the population in winter and 17% in summer had serum 25(OH)D levels of <25 nmol/l, respectively. In summer, in multiple logistic regression analyses with adjustment for confounding and other predictors, high vitamin D intake (odds ratios (OR) 3.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-8.5), some leisure time PA (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.3-3.1) and having a body mass index (BMI) of >or=21 kg/m(2) compared with <21 kg/m(2) (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.3-5.0), were associated with 25(OH)D >or=25 nmol/l. In winter, additional modifiable factors were occupational PA (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.1-2.5) and high fish (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.7-6.2) or poultry consumption (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-2.5). Predictors from linear regression analyses of continuous levels of 25(OH)D were similar to the logistic regression analyses of 25(OH)D >or=25 nmol/l.

Conclusion: In this Finnish sample more vitamin D intake, PA and having a BMI of >or=21 may have important modifiable roles in maintaining an adequate vitamin D status.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of serum vitamin D ((25(OH)D nmol/L) by week of blood draw (note weeks 25–31 no blood drawn)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Association between Body Mass Index (kg/m2) and unadjusted mean serum vitamin D ((25(OH)D nmol/L)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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