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. 2009:2009:925297.
doi: 10.1155/2009/925297. Epub 2009 Dec 20.

Composition and morphology of nanocrystals in urines of lithogenic patients and healthy persons

Bao-Song Gui  1 , Rong Xie, Xiu-Qiong Yao, Mei-Ru Li, Jian-Ming Ouyang
Affiliations

Composition and morphology of nanocrystals in urines of lithogenic patients and healthy persons

Bao-Song Gui et al. Bioinorg Chem Appl. 2009.

Abstract

The composition and morphology of nanocrystals in urines of healthy persons and lithogenic patients were comparatively investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was shown that the main composition of urinary nanocrystals in healthy persons were calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), uric acid, and ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite). However, the main compositions of urinary nanocrystals in lithogenic patients were struvite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, uric acid, COD, and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). According to the XRD data, the size of nanocrystals was calculated to be 23 approximately 72 nm in healthy urine and 12 approximately 118 nm in lithogenic urine by Scherer formula. TEM results showed that the nanocrystals in healthy urine were dispersive and uniform with a mean size of about 38 nm. In contrast, the nanocrystals in lithogenic urine were much aggregated with a mean size of about 55 nm. The results in this work indicated that the urinary stone formation may be prevented by diminishing the aggregation and the size differentiation of urinary nanocrystals by physical or chemical methods.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
XRD patterns of three representative urinary stones (∗: COM, ∗∗: COD, △: HAP, □: Ca3(PO4)2).
Figure 2
Figure 2
XRD patterns of typical urinary crystals of three health persons (H1, H2, H3). (∗: COM, ∗∗: COD, ●: uric acid, ▴: MgNH4PO4 · H2O, ▴ ▴: MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O).
Figure 3
Figure 3
XRD patterns of typical urinary crystals of three lithogenic patients (L1, L2, L3). (∗: COM, ∗∗: COD, ●: uric acid, ▴ ▴: MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O, ◇: β-Ca3(PO4)2).
Figure 4
Figure 4
TEM images of typical urinary nanocrystals of two health persons (a), (b) and two lithogenic patients (c), (d). The bar is 100 nm.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Schematic diagram of urinary stone formation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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