Delivery of paclitaxel by physically loading onto poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-graft-carbon nanotubes for potent cancer therapeutics

Abstract

Physically loading of paclitaxel (PTX) onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is achieved through immersion of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-graft-single walled CNTs (PEG-g-SWNTs) or PEG-graft-multi-walled CNTs (PEG-g-MWNTs) in a saturated solution of PTX in methanol. After loading once the loading capacity (LD%) is 26% (w/w) and 36% (w/w) for PEG-g-SWNTs or PEG-g-MWNTs, respectively. With these PTX contents, PTX loaded PEG-g-SWNTs and PTX loaded PEG-g-MWNTs still have good dispersity in aqueous solution and individual CNTs can be observed in TEM images. PTX can be released from PEG-g-CNTs several times faster than from free PTX but still in a sustained profile with less than 40% of PTX being released in 40 days at pH 7 or 5. In vitro cytotoxicity of samples is evaluated in HeLa cells and MCF-7 cells. PEG-g-SWNTs and PEG-g-MWNTs show low cytotoxicity in both cells with insignificant effects on the cell proliferation rates. However, both PTX loaded PEG-g-SWNTs and PTX loaded PEG-g-MWNTs show high efficacy to kill HeLa cells and MCF-7 cells, as reflected by IC(50) lower than free PTX. Therefore, PTX loaded PEG-g-CNTs are promising for cancer therapeutics.

Keywords: carbon nanotubes, poly(ethylene glycol), drug delivery, cancer therapy, nanomedicine.