[Gait disturbances and normal pressure hydrocephalus]

Abstract

Normal pressure hydrocephalus must be considered when gait disturbance, cognitive impairment and sphincter disorders are associated. Symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus, especially gait disturbance, are potentially curable by surgery. Our paper provides a summary review of gait disorders associated with normal pressure hydrocephalus detailing their characteristics and the best assessment methods. Although the pathogenic mechanisms underlying normal pressure hydrocephalus remain poorly understood, advances in imaging have enabled considerable progress in our fundamental knowledge of the condition. Tapping the cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture or external lumbar drainage remains the diagnostic test and is predictive of a favorable response to surgical treatment. Clinical severity scores validated for walking and for sphincter dysfunction and cognitive disorders provide the best means of assessing each patient's response to treatment.