Topographical alterations of inner retinal activity during systemic hyperoxia-hypercapnia in normal subjects and patients with type 1 diabetes

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an increase in the circulating oxygen supply can alter inner retinal function, assessed by recordings of multifocal oscillatory potentials. We studied 9 subjects with type 1 diabetes (8 without overt retinopathy, one with 2 microaneurysms) and 10 similar-aged normal subjects. The central 60 degrees of the retina was stimulated by an array of 61 hexagonal elements, and mfOP recordings were obtained while breathing room air or carbogen. First-order kernel analysis of the recordings shows 2 potentials (first-order OP1, OP2), whereas second-order kernel analysis produces 3 potentials (second-order OP1, OP2, OP3). Two methods were used to analyze the results: First, we performed a ring analysis for each subject and measured the amplitudes and latencies of the five potentials. We demonstrate that during carbogen inhalation, the control subjects, but not the patients with diabetes, showed significantly increased second-order OP3 amplitudes, for a retinal ring from around 1.8-13 degrees eccentricity. Secondly, a topographical analysis was performed on the amplitude of the second-order OP3 in all 61 traces (from the average recordings of each subject group), which revealed significant alterations not visible in a ring analysis. A similar topographical analysis of the amplitude of the first-order OP2 revealed a small increase in its amplitude during carbogen inhalation for both subject groups. This study demonstrates that some aspects of inner retinal function are modified by the inhalation of carbogen. The reduced effect of carbogen inhalation on the recordings from the patients with diabetes may be due to compromised vascular perfusion in these subjects.