Prevalence (treatment days) and severity of illness in hypogammaglobulinemic and normogammaglobulinemic foals

Abstract

Serum samples for determination of IgG concentration were obtained between postpartum hours 18 and 48 from 132 Standardbred foals. Results of the IgG assay were not known to farm personnel. None of the foals was given plasma IV for treatment of hypogammaglobulinemia. Foal health records were examined retrospectively to determine prevalence of infectious-type illness (foal treatment days [FTD]), prevalence of life-threatening infectious illness (foal treatment days-serious condition [FTD-SC]), and number of diseases (NOD) per foal. Values for FTD, FTD-SC, and NOD per foal were compiled for the first 21 days of life and for the first 90 days of life. The FTD, FTD-SC, and NOD per foal values were compared for foals with less than 400 mg of IgG/dl and for foals with greater than or equal to 400 mg of IgG/dl; the same variables were compared for foals with less than 800 mg of IgG/dl and for foals with greater than or equal to 800 mg of IgG/dl. Statistical analysis indicated that IgG concentration was not associated with FTD, FTD-SC, or NOD in foals of any of the groups. Also, despite a large subpopulation of hypogammaglobulinemic foals (13.6% with less than 400 mg of IgG/dl and 44.7% with less than 800 mg of IgG/dl), the 21-day and 90-day overall survival rates were 100 and 99.2%, respectively. The data strongly suggest that serum IgG concentration was not related to prevalence or severity of illness or to survival rate in this population of foals.