Glycemic control with preprandial versus basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus poorly controlled by oral antidiabetes agents

Abstract

Objective: This study was designed to compare glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin [A1C] level) with either once-daily basal insulin (BI) (insulin glargine) or preprandial insulin (PPI) (Exubera) [insulin human (recombinant DNA origin)] inhalation powder, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poorly controlled on at least two oral antidiabetes agents (OADs).

Methods: This was a 26-week, open-label, parallel-group, randomized study where 257 patients (mean A1C 8.6%) on OAD treatment for > or = 3 months were treated with either BI (n = 122) or PPI (n = 135). Based on self-monitored blood glucose levels, PPI dose was adjusted before each major meal, whereas BI dose was titrated in the morning or before bedtime. Prestudy OADs were continued, but doses could be modified.

Results: At 26 weeks, change from baseline in A1C was greater with PPI (-1.7 vs. -1.4%, P = 0.0389). Numerically, more patients achieved A1C <6.5% (28% vs. 19%) and A1C <7.0% (63% vs. 55%) with PPI compared with BI. PPI had lower postmeal glucose increments, but higher prebreakfast glucose and weight gain (1.1kg), than BI. Mild or moderate hypoglycemic events were more frequent with PPI (6.2 vs. 2.9 events/months), but nocturnal hypoglycemic events were less frequent (22% vs. 30%).

Conclusions: PPI improved postprandial glucose and A1C levels significantly more than BI. More patients achieved A1C targets with PPI, at the expense of more hypoglycemia and body weight gain. These results illustrate the potential benefits and detriments of prandial insulin supplementation in patients with T2DM poorly controlled on OADs alone.