Update on macrophage clearance of inhaled micro- and nanoparticles
- PMID: 20109124
- DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2009.0797
Update on macrophage clearance of inhaled micro- and nanoparticles
Abstract
Background: Lung macrophages, that is, the intravascular, interstitial, pleural, and surface macrophages, are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. They are derived from the hematopoietic stem cell in the bone marrow with the monocytes as their putative precursors. Macrophages residing on the inner surfaces of the lungs and immersed within the lung lining layer, that is, the alveolar and the airway macrophages, are constantly exposed to the environment; it is those cells that are recognized as first line of cellular host defense.
Methods and results: Phagocytic uptake of inhaled and deposited particles is the main mechanism to remove insoluble micrometer-sized particles from the lung surfaces, where mucociliary transport, cough, or sneezing fail or are absent. Phagocytosis requires an intact cytoskeleton and is most efficient when mediated by Fc-receptors, but complement and scavenger receptors like MARCO and CD206 are just as important. The main pathway for the clearance of macrophage-associated particles is by mucociliary transport; to a lesser degree and species specific, particle-containing macrophages may reenter into the interstitium and go from there to the lymphatics. Inhaled nanometer-sized particles that deposit along the entire respiratory tract, however, are not efficiently phagocytosed by surface macrophages.
Conclusions: Uptake by spontaneous or stimulated (macro-) pinocytosis or electrokinetic's phenomena may become more important. In addition, translocation of nanometer-sized particles into the interstitium and to the blood circulation brings them into contact with other fluids; altered particle properties may influence particle uptake. Moreover, translocated particles may interact with lung macrophage populations that were previously not considered of great significance for the clearance of inhaled particles.
Similar articles
-
Role of alveolar macrophage chemotaxis and phagocytosis in pulmonary clearance responses to inhaled particles: comparisons among rodent species.Microsc Res Tech. 1993 Dec 1;26(5):412-22. doi: 10.1002/jemt.1070260509. Microsc Res Tech. 1993. PMID: 8286787
-
The role of macrophages in the clearance of inhaled ultrafine titanium dioxide particles.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008 Mar;38(3):371-6. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0138OC. Epub 2007 Oct 18. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008. PMID: 17947511
-
Significance of particle parameters in the evaluation of exposure-dose-response relationships of inhaled particles.Inhal Toxicol. 1996;8 Suppl:73-89. Inhal Toxicol. 1996. PMID: 11542496 Review.
-
Morphological aspects of particle uptake by lung phagocytes.Microsc Res Tech. 2002 Jun 15;57(6):512-22. doi: 10.1002/jemt.10105. Microsc Res Tech. 2002. PMID: 12112434 Review.
-
Barriers that Inhaled Particles Encounter.J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2024 Oct;37(5):299-306. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2024.27498.bp. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2024. PMID: 39388690 Review.
Cited by
-
Aerosol delivery of nanoparticles in uniform mannitol carriers formulated by ultrasonic spray freeze drying.Pharm Res. 2013 Nov;30(11):2891-901. doi: 10.1007/s11095-013-1120-6. Epub 2013 Jul 27. Pharm Res. 2013. PMID: 23893019
-
Toxicity of TiO2 Nanoparticles: Validation of Alternative Models.Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 9;21(14):4855. doi: 10.3390/ijms21144855. Int J Mol Sci. 2020. PMID: 32659965 Free PMC article.
-
Penetration, distribution and brain toxicity of titanium nanoparticles in rodents' body: a review.IET Nanobiotechnol. 2018 Sep;12(6):695-700. doi: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0109. IET Nanobiotechnol. 2018. PMID: 30104440 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Advancements in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery.Polymers (Basel). 2023 Sep 21;15(18):3849. doi: 10.3390/polym15183849. Polymers (Basel). 2023. PMID: 37765701 Free PMC article. Review.
-
TLR2 Promotes Monocyte/Macrophage Recruitment Into the Liver and Microabscess Formation to Limit the Spread of Listeria Monocytogenes.Front Immunol. 2019 Jun 26;10:1388. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01388. eCollection 2019. Front Immunol. 2019. PMID: 31297109 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Miscellaneous