Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Multicenter Study
. 2010 Feb;16(2):197-204.
doi: 10.3201/eid1602.090953.

Risk factors for and estimated incidence of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection, North Carolina, USA

Preeta K Kutty  1 , Christopher W Woods, Arlene C Sena, Stephen R Benoit, Susanna Naggie, Joyce Frederick, Sharon Evans, Jeffery Engel, L Clifford McDonald
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Risk factors for and estimated incidence of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection, North Carolina, USA

Preeta K Kutty et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Feb.

Abstract

We determined estimated incidence of and risk factors for community-associated Clostridium difficile infection (CA-CDI) among patients treated at 6 North Carolina hospitals. CA-CDI case-patients were defined as adults (>18 years of age) with a positive stool test result for C. difficile toxin and no hospitalization within the prior 8 weeks. CA-CDI incidence was 21 and 46 per 100,000 person-years in Veterans Affairs (VA) outpatients and Durham County populations, respectively. VA case-patients were more likely than controls to have received antimicrobial drugs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 17.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.6-48] and to have had a recent outpatient visit (aOR 5.1, 95% CI 1.5-17.9). County case-patients were more likely than controls to have received antimicrobial drugs (aOR 9.1, 95% CI 2.9-28.9), to have gastroesophageal reflux disease (aOR 11.2, 95% CI 1.9-64.2), and to have cardiac failure (aOR 3.8, 95% CI 1.1-13.7). Risk factors for CA-CDI overlap with those for healthcare-associated infection.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure
Figure
Categorization of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) cases from 6 hospitals, North Carolina, 2005. IBD, irritable bowel disease; VA, Veterans Affairs hospital.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Pépin J, Valiquette L, Alary ME, Villemure P, Pelletier A, Forget K, et al. Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea in a region of Quebec from 1991 to 2003: a changing pattern of disease severity. CMAJ. 2004;171:466–72. 10.1503/cmaj.1041104 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. McDonald LC, Owings M, Jernigan DB. Clostridium difficile infection in patients discharged from US short-stay hospitals, 1996–2001. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:409–15. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kyne L, Hamel MB, Polavaram R, Kelly CP. Health care costs, and mortality associated with nosocomial diarrhea due to Clostridium difficile. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34:346–53. 10.1086/338260 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Loo VG, Poirier L, Miller MA, Oughton M, Libman MD, Michaud S, et al. A predominantly clonal multi-institutional outbreak of Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2442–9. 10.1056/NEJMoa051639 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Warny M, Pepin J, Fang A, Killgore G, Thompson A, Brazier J, et al. Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe. Lancet. 2005;366:1079–84. 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67420-X - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources