An ecological analysis of child sexual abuse disclosure: considerations for child and adolescent mental health
- PMID: 20119565
- PMCID: PMC2809444
An ecological analysis of child sexual abuse disclosure: considerations for child and adolescent mental health
Abstract
Objectives: Research continues to indicate a concerning number of children and youth, between 60-80%, withhold disclosure until adulthood suggesting that many children endure prolonged victimization or never receive necessary intervention. The study aim was to qualitatively identify factors that impede or promote child sexual abuse (CSA) disclosure.
Methods: Using a phenomenological design, forty adult survivors of CSA were interviewed about their disclosure experiences to provide retrospective accounts of their childhood and adolescent abuse experiences, disclosure attempts, and meaning-making of these experiences.
Results: Findings show that disclosure is multiply determined by a complex interplay of factors related to child characteristics, family environment, community influences, and cultural and societal attitudes. An ecological analysis is offered to understand these complexities. Unless barriers to disclosure are eradicated, negative effects of CSA can persist manifesting in serious mental health issues.
Conclusions: Practitioners can expect to work with children, adolescents and adults who have withheld disclosure or attempted to tell over time having experienced a wide range of responses. Multi-level intervention is recommended at the individual, community and macro-levels. Future investigations should focus on how to identify and measure the impact of community and macro level factors on disclosure, aspects that have received much less attention.
Objectifs:: Un nombre inquiétant (entre 60 et 80 pour cent) d’enfants et d’adolescents attendent d’être adultes pour avouer qu’ils ont été victimes d’abus sexuels, ce qui laisse croire que ces abus se prolongent pendant des années ou que les victimes ne reçoivent jamais les services d’intervention nécessaires. Identifier les facteurs qui empêchent ou favorisent la divulgation des abus sexuels sur les enfants.
Méthodologie:: Quarante adultes victimes d’abus sexuels dans leur enfance ont été interrogés sur leur vécu. Les données recueillies ont été analysées depuis la perspective phénoménologique; les sujets ont fait un récit rétrospectif de leur expérience d’enfant et d’adolescent, de leur tentative d’aveu, et du sens qu’ils ont donné à leur expérience.
Résultats:: La divulgation est déterminée par divers facteurs complexes interconnectés, comme les caractéristiques de l’enfant, son environnement familial, les influences communautaires ainsi que les attitudes culturelles et sociales. L’analyse écologique se propose d’expliquer ces aspects complexes. Tant que des barrières empêcheront les victimes de parler, les abus sexuels continueront de se traduire par de graves problèmes de santé mentale.
Conclusion:: Les intervenants doivent savoir que les enfants, les adolescents ou les adultes avec lesquels ils travaillent peuvent avoir été victimes d’abus sexuels; les victimes ne l’ont peut-être jamais avoué ou, si elles ont tenté de le faire, elles se sont certainement trouvées confrontées à un grand nombre de réactions. Il convient d’intervenir aux niveaux individuel, communautaire et macroscopique. Les recherches à venir devront définir et quantifier le rôle – peu étudié jusqu’à présent – que jouent la communauté et les facteurs macroscopiques sur la divulgation de ces abus.
Keywords: child and adolescent mental health; child sexual abuse; disclosure; ecological analysis; qualitative phenomenological design.
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