Low prevalence of varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex virus type 2 in saliva from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
- PMID: 20123407
- PMCID: PMC2818125
- DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.08.037
Low prevalence of varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex virus type 2 in saliva from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy
Abstract
Objectives: Human herpesviruses, e.g., herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus, appear in saliva at greater frequency in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than in healthy individuals. However, it is not known if varicella zoster virus (VZV) and HSV-2 appear simultaneously during HIV infection at greater frequency in saliva in this era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and amounts of VZV and HSV-2 in the saliva of HIV-infected orally asymptomatic patients.
Study design: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the prevalence, quantity, risk, and correlations of salivary VZV and HSV-2 from 59 HIV-seropositive individuals and 53 healthy control subjects in a case-control cross-sectional study. Seventy-eight percent of the HIV-seropositive patients (46 out of 59) were taking HAART.
Results: VZV DNA was detected in the saliva of 5.1% (3 out of 59) of the HIV-positive group and in only 1 healthy control 1.9% (1 out of 53; P = .62). The amount of VZV DNA in the expressors was low, generally <1,100 copies/mL, with no observed difference between the HIV-positive group and the control subjects (P = 1.0). HSV-2 DNA was not detected in either group. In the HIV-infected group, VZV shedding occurred in those on HAART, but was not associated with oral lesions, specific CD4(+) or CD8(+) T-cell levels, or demographic factors.
Conclusions: Varicella zoster virus was detected at low prevalence in the saliva of HIV-infected persons, whereas HSV-2 was not detected in the saliva of this cohort. HAART does not appear to diminish the risk for asymptomatic VZV shedding.
Copyright (c) 2010 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
Similar articles
-
Longitudinal study on oral shedding of herpes simplex virus 1 and varicella-zoster virus in individuals infected with HIV.J Med Virol. 2013 Sep;85(9):1669-77. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23634. Epub 2013 Jun 18. J Med Virol. 2013. PMID: 23780621 Free PMC article.
-
[Incidence of human herpes virus 1-4 type in saliva of 245 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients].Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2012 Oct;30(5):514-7. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2012. PMID: 23173318 Chinese.
-
High prevalence of multiple human herpesviruses in saliva from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Jul;44(7):2409-15. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00256-06. J Clin Microbiol. 2006. PMID: 16825357 Free PMC article.
-
Oral mucosal reactivation rates of herpesviruses among HIV-1 seropositive persons.J Med Virol. 2008 Jul;80(7):1153-9. doi: 10.1002/jmv.21214. J Med Virol. 2008. PMID: 18461621
-
Evaluation of Epstein-Barr Virus Salivary Shedding in HIV/AIDS Patients and HAART Use: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Virol Sin. 2018 Jun;33(3):227-233. doi: 10.1007/s12250-018-0028-z. Epub 2018 Apr 13. Virol Sin. 2018. PMID: 29654554 Free PMC article.
Cited by
-
A comparison of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus latency and reactivation.J Gen Virol. 2015 Jul;96(Pt 7):1581-602. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.000128. Epub 2015 Mar 20. J Gen Virol. 2015. PMID: 25794504 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Longitudinal study on oral shedding of herpes simplex virus 1 and varicella-zoster virus in individuals infected with HIV.J Med Virol. 2013 Sep;85(9):1669-77. doi: 10.1002/jmv.23634. Epub 2013 Jun 18. J Med Virol. 2013. PMID: 23780621 Free PMC article.
-
A correlation analysis of HHV infection and its predictive factors in an HIV-seropositive population in Yunnan, China.J Med Virol. 2020 Mar;92(3):295-301. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25609. Epub 2019 Nov 18. J Med Virol. 2020. PMID: 31621089 Free PMC article.
-
Absence of influence of polymorphisms of the MBL2 gene in oral infections by HSV-1 in individuals with HIV.Braz J Microbiol. 2019 Jul;50(3):663-668. doi: 10.1007/s42770-019-00074-6. Epub 2019 Apr 18. Braz J Microbiol. 2019. PMID: 31001794 Free PMC article.
-
LACK OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HERPESVIRUS DETECTION IN SALIVA AND GINGIVITIS IN HIV‑INFECTED CHILDREN.Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2015 May-Jun;57(3):221-5. doi: 10.1590/S0036-46652015000300007. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2015. PMID: 26200962 Free PMC article.
References
-
- Greenberg MS, Glick M, Nghiem L, Stewart JC, Hodinka R, Dubin G. Relationship of cytomegalovirus to salivary gland dysfunction in HIV-infected patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;83:334–339. - PubMed
-
- Hjalmarsson A, Blomqvist P, Skoldenberg B. Herpes simplex encephalitis in Sweden, 1990–2001: incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:875–880. - PubMed
-
- Aurelius E, Forsgren M, Gille E, Skoldenberg B. Neurologic morbidity after herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis: a retrospective study of 40 patients. Scand J Infect Dis. 2002;34:278–283. - PubMed
-
- Amstey MS. Morbidity among adults with varicella-zoster virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;26:241–242. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
Research Materials