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Review
. 2010 Jul;25(7):1239-44.
doi: 10.1007/s00467-009-1394-4. Epub 2010 Feb 4.

Pediatric urolithiasis: the current surgical management

Michael Straub  1 , Jürgen Gschwend, Christoph Zorn
Affiliations
Review

Pediatric urolithiasis: the current surgical management

Michael Straub et al. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010 Jul.

Abstract

Children represent about 1% of all patients with urolithiasis, but 100% of these children are considered high risk for recurrent stone formation, and it is crucial for them to receive a therapy that will render them stone free. In addition, a metabolic workup is necessary to ensure a tailored metaphylaxis to prevent or delay recurrence. The appropriate therapy depends on localization, size, and composition of the calculus, as well as on the anatomy of the urinary tract. In specialized centers, the whole range of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureterorenoscopy (URS), and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are available for children, with the same efficiency and safety as in adults.

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