Obtaining Ilyanassa snail embryos

Abstract

The marine gastropod Ilyanassa obsoleta is a long-standing and very useful model for studies of embryonic development. It is an especially important model for spiralian development, and for studies of asymmetric cell division. The embryos are amenable to classic embryological manipulation techniques as well as a growing number of molecular approaches. Ilyanassa is also an important model for studies of metamorphosis, the ecology of parasitism, the effects of environmental contaminants on morphology and sexual function, and comparative neurobiology. Ilyanassa adults are readily obtainable and easy to keep in the laboratory. Although the normal spawning season for Ilyanassa is during early summer, they can produce high-quality embryos nearly year-round in the laboratory. Snails collected in the late fall, winter, or spring can be induced to deposit zygotes before the natural spawning season by warming them to room temperature, and snails collected before the natural spawning season can be made to postpone zygote deposition until needed (up to at least 6 mo) by maintaining them in tanks in a cold room at 4 degrees C-8 degrees C. This protocol describes how to induce embryo production in Ilyanassa snails, collect the embryos, and rear them to the stage required for study.