Initial periodontal therapy reduced systemic and local 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) and interleukin-1beta in patients with aggressive periodontitis

Abstract

Background: 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) is the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D. Elevated plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) levels were verified to be associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). In the present study, the influence of initial periodontal therapy on systemic and local levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) and three related elements (osteocalcin and interleukin-1beta and -6) in patients with GAgP was investigated.

Methods: Nineteen patients with GAgP were enrolled. All patients received initial periodontal therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid at two sites of each subject were obtained before therapy and 2 and 6 months after therapy. Plasma was obtained before and 2 months after therapy from 12 of 19 subjects. Systemic and local levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3), osteocalcin, and interleukin-1beta and -6 before and after therapy were measured using radioimmunoassay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and compared.

Results: The respective systemic 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) and interleukin-1beta levels significantly dropped from baseline to 2 months after therapy (29.28 nmol/l versus 22.50 nmol/l, P = 0.001, and 6.71 ng/l versus 3.23 ng/l, P <0.001, respectively). The respective local 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) and interleukin-1beta levels significantly decreased from baseline to 2 and 6 months after therapy (8,950 nmol/l versus 5,650 nmol/l versus 3,438 nmol/l, P <0.001, and 10,595 ng/l versus 5,495 ng/l versus 3,960 ng/l, P <0.001, respectively). Systemic and local 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) concentrations were positively correlated at baseline (r = 0.877; P = 0.022), as was osteocalcin (r = 0.939; P = 0.005).

Conclusions: 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) and interleukin-1beta levels were systemically and locally reduced in patients with GAgP by initial periodontal therapy. 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) might be involved in periodontal inflammation.