Biodiversity conservation and drug discovery: Can they be combined? The Suriname and Madagascar experiences

Abstract

The approach to new drugs through natural products has proved to be the single most successful strategy for the discovery of new drugs, but in recent years its use has been deemphasized by many pharmaceutical companies in favor of approaches based on combinatorial chemistry and genomics, among others.Drug discovery from natural sources requires continued access to plant, marine, and microbial biomass, and so the preservation of tropical rainforests is an important part of our drug discovery program. Sadly, many of the tropical forests of the world are under severe environmental pressure, and deforestation is a serious problem in most tropical countries. One way to combat this loss is to demonstrate their value as potential sources of new pharmaceutical or agrochemical products.As part of an effort to integrate biodiversity conservation and drug discovery with economic development, we initiated an International Cooperative biodiversity Group (ICBG) to discover potential pharmaceuticals from the plant biodiversity of Suriname and Madagascar. The Group, established with funding from agencies of the United States government, involved participants from the USA, Suriname, and Madagascar. The basic approach was to search for bioactive plants in the Suriname and Malagasy flora, and to isolate their bioactive constituents by the best available methods, but the work included capacity building as well as research. Progress on this project will be reported, drawing on results obtained from the isolation of bioactive natural products from Suriname and Madagascar. The benefits of this general approach to biodiversity and drug discovery will also be discussed.

Figure 1

Examples of drugs developed from plants

Figure 2

Examples of marine natural product drugs.

Figure 3

Alkaloids.

Figure 4

Aromatic compounds.

Figure 5

Cardenolides.

Figure 6

Terpenoids – Sesquiterpenoids.

Figure 7

Terpenoids – Diterpenoids.

Figure 8

Terpenoids – Triterpenoids.

Figure 9

Triterpenoid glycosides (saponins).

Figure 9

Triterpenoid glycosides (saponins).

Figure 10

Ipomoeassins A–F

Figure 11

Bistramide A.