The effect of reducing the number of electrodes on spatial hearing tasks for bilateral cochlear implant recipients

Abstract

Background: Many studies have documented the effect of reducing spectral information for speech perception in listeners with normal hearing and hearing impairment. While it is understood that more spectral bands are needed for unilateral cochlear implant listeners to perform well on more challenging listening tasks such as speech perception in noise, it is unclear how reducing the number of spectral bands or electrodes in cochlear implants influences the ability to localize sound or understand speech with spatially separate noise sources.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of reducing the number of electrodes for patients with bilateral cochlear implants on spatial hearing tasks.

Research design: Performance on spatial hearing tasks was examined as the number of bilateral electrodes in the speech processor was deactivated equally across ears and the full frequency spectrum was reallocated to a reduced number of active electrodes. Program parameters (i.e., pulse width, stimulation rate) were held constant among the programs and set identically between the right and left cochlear implants so that only the number of electrodes varied.

Study sample: Nine subjects had used bilateral Nucleus or Advanced Bionics cochlear implants for at least 12 mo prior to beginning the study. Only those subjects with full insertion of the electrode arrays with all electrodes active in both ears were eligible to participate.

Data collection and analysis: Two test measures were utilized to evaluate the effect of reducing the number of electrodes, including a speech-perception-in-noise test with spatially separated sources and a sound source localization test.

Results: Reducing the number of electrodes had different effects across individuals. Three patterns emerged: (1) no effect on localization (two of nine subjects), (2) at least two to four bilateral electrodes were required for maximal performance (five of nine subjects), and (3) performance gradually decreased across conditions as electrode number was reduced (two of nine subjects). For the test of speech perception in spatially separated noise, performance was affected as the number of electrodes was reduced for all subjects. Two categories of performance were found: (1) at least three or four bilateral electrodes were needed for maximum performance (five of seven subjects) and (2) as the number of electrodes were reduced, performance gradually decreased across conditions (two of seven subjects).

Conclusion: Large individual differences exist in determining maximum performance using bilateral electrodes for localization and speech perception in noise. For some bilateral cochlear implant users, as few as three to four electrodes can be used to obtain maximal performance on localization and speech-in-noise tests. However, other listeners show a gradual decrement in performance on both tasks when the number of electrodes is reduced.

Figure 1

Performance on the Everyday Sounds Localization test in quiet with all electrodes active bilaterally versus a reduced number of bilateral electrodes for all nine subjects. The subjects are listed on the x-axis and coded to indicate their performance with a reduced number of electrodes. Localization scores are reported in RMS error on the y-axis. Lower scores indicate better localization ability.

Figure 2

Performance as a function of reducing electrode number for the Everyday Sounds Localization test in quiet for subjects H48b and Z108b. Scores are reported in RMS error, and lower scores indicate better localization ability. Chance performance is marked by a thick line at approximately 40 degrees RMS error.

Figure 3

Results on the Everyday Sounds Localization test for subjects H27b, Z74b, Z34b, H40b, and Z109b. Scores are reported in RMS error, and lower scores indicate better localization ability. Chance performance is marked by a thick line at approximately 40 degrees RMS error.

Figure 4

Results from Everyday Sounds Localization for subjects M58b and Z63b. Scores are reported in RMS error, and lower scores indicate better localization ability. Chance performance is marked by a thick line at approximately 40 degrees RMS error.

Figure 5

Performance on the Cued SRT test with all electrodes active bilaterally versus a reduced number of bilateral electrodes for seven subjects. The subjects are listed on the x-axis and coded to indicate their performance with a reduced number of electrodes. S/N score and the standard deviation are reported for each condition. Negative scores indicate better speech-recognition ability.

Figure 6

Performance on the Cued SRT test as a function of reducing electrode number for subjects H48b, Z108b, H27b, Z34b, and Z109b. S/N score and the standard deviation are reported for each condition. Negative scores indicate better speech-recognition ability.

Figure 7

Results from the Cued SRT test for subjects M58b and Z74b. S/N score and the standard deviation are reported for each condition. Negative scores indicate better speech-recognition ability.