Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2010 Feb 15;5(2):e9223.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009223.

The extent of the preserved feathers on the four-winged dinosaur Microraptor gui under ultraviolet light

David W E Hone  1 , Helmut Tischlinger, Xing Xu, Fucheng Zhang
Affiliations

The extent of the preserved feathers on the four-winged dinosaur Microraptor gui under ultraviolet light

David W E Hone et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: The holotype of the theropod non-avian dinosaur Microraptor gui from the Early Cretaceous of China shows extensive preservation of feathers in a halo around the body and with flight feathers associated with both the fore and hindlimbs. It has been questioned as to whether or not the feathers did extend into the halo to reach the body, or had disassociated and moved before preservation. This taxon has important implications for the origin of flight in birds and the possibility of a four-winged gliding phase.

Methodology/principal findings: Examination of the specimen under ultraviolet light reveals that these feathers actually reach the body of the animal and were not disassociated from the bones. Instead they may have been chemically altered by the body tissues of the animal meaning that they did not carbonise close into the animal or more likely were covered by other decaying tissue, though evidence of their presence remains.

Conclusions/significance: These UV images show that the feathers preserved on the slab are genuinely associated with the skeleton and that their arrangement and orientation is likely correct. The methods used here to reveal hidden features of the specimen may be applicable to other specimens from the fossil beds of Liaoning that produced Microraptor.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The holotype of Microraptor gui, IVPP V 13352 under normal light.
This shows the preserved feathers (white arrow) and the ‘halo’ around the specimen where they appear to be absent (black arrows). Scale bar at 5 cm.
Figure 2
Figure 2. The holotype of Microraptor gui, IVPP V 13352 under UV light.
Different filters were employed for parts A and B, hence the difference in colour and appearance. A also is labeled to indicate the preserved feathers (grey arrows) and the ‘halo’ around the specimen where they appear to be absent (black arrows) as well as phosphatised tissues (white arrows). Scale bars are 5 cm in both A and B.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Close up of lower hindlimb of the holotype under UV light.
This shows that the feathers do indeed penetrate the halo (grey arrows) when seen in UV and approach or reach the bones. These are not seen in natural light due to the overlying soft tissues seen in figure 2. Scale bar at 5 cm.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Close up of the chest of the holotype, close to the sternal plates under UV light.
As with figure 3, this shows that the feathers do indeed penetrate the halo (grey arrows) when seen in UV and approach or reach the bones. These are not seen in natural light due to the overlying phosphatised tissues, but the striations of the feathers are clearly visible despite this covering. Scale bar of 1 cm.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Close up of the lower part of the holotype under UV light.
Variation in the phosphatised tissues can be seen (white arrows) as well as the bright reflectance of various glues and preservatives that have been applied to the specimen at various times (black arrows). Scale bar of 2 cm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Tischlinger H. Ultraviolet light investigations of fossils from the Upper Jurassic Plattenkalks of Southern Frankonia. Zitteliana B. 2005a;26:26.
    1. Göhlich UB, Tischlinger H, Chiappe L. Juravenator starki (Reptilia, Theropoda), ein neuer Raubdinosaurier aus dem Oberjura der Südlichen Frankenalb (Süddeutschland): Skelettanatomie und Weichteilbefunde [Juravenator starki (Reptilia), a new theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of the Southern Franconian Alb (Southern Germany): skeletal anatomy and soft tissue]. Archaeopteryx. 2006;24:1–26.
    1. Tischlinger H. Der Eichstätter Archaeopteryx im langwelligen UV-Licht. [The Eichstätt specimen of Archaeopteryx under longwave ultraviolet light]. Archaeopteryx. 2002;20:21–38.
    1. Tischlinger H. Neue Informationen zum Berliner Exemplar von Archaeopteryx lithographica H.v.Meyer 1861. [New information regarding the Berlin example of Archaeopteryx lithographica H.v.Meyer 1861]. Archaeopteryx. 2005b;23:33–50.
    1. Tischlinger H, Unwin DM. UV-Untersuchungen des Berliner Exemplars von Archaeopteryx lithographica H.v.Meyer 1861 und der isolierten Archaeopteryx-Feder [Ultra-violet light investigation of the Berlin example of Archaeopteryx lithographica H.v.Meyer 1861 and the isolated Archaeopteryx feather]. Archaeopteryx. 2004;22:17–50.

Publication types