Spectroscopic and electrochemical analysis of psychotropic drugs

Abstract

Psychotropic drugs are an important family of compounds from a medical point of view. Their application in therapy requires methods for the determination in pharmaceutical dosage forms and body fluids. Several methods for their analysis have been reported in the literature. Among the methods, spectrophotometric and electrochemical are very useful for the determination of the drugs. Some of the spectrophotometric methods are based on the formation of the binary and ternary compounds with complexes of metals. The formed compounds are sparingly soluble in water, but quantitatively extracted from aqueous phase into organic solvents and the extracts are intensely colored and stable for a few days. These complexes have been employed in pharmaceutical analysis. The electrochemical procedures are very useful in determination of the psychotropic substances in pharmaceutical preparations.

Keywords: Psychotropic drugs; analysis; spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods.

Fig. 1

Formulae of antipsychotic drugs Formulae of dibenzoazepines (I), thioxanthenes (II), azaphenothiazines (III) phenothiazines (IV), olanzapine (V), trazodone (VI), sertraline (VII), paroxetine (VIII), fluoxetine (IX), fluvoxamine (X)

Scheme 1

Possible structure of promazine-flavianic acid compound

Scheme 2

The reaction of diethazine hydrochloride with [PdI₄]²⁻ The reaction of the protonated amine nitrogen of diethazine hydrochloride with the anionic complex of [PdI₄]²⁻

Scheme 3

Mechanism of ion pair complex trazodone-bromophenol blue system

Fig. 2

Mechanism of electroreduction of trazodone