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. 2010;20 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S435-40.
doi: 10.2188/jea.je20090166. Epub 2010 Feb 23.

Infant responses to maternal still face at 9 months predict social abilities at 18 months

Yuko Yato  1 , Daisuke Tanaka, Ryoji Shinohara, Yuka Sugisawa, Emiko Tanaka, Lian Tong, Noriko Yamakawa, Tokie Anme, Masatoshi Kawai, Tadahiko Maeda; Japan Children's Study Group
Collaborators, Affiliations

Infant responses to maternal still face at 9 months predict social abilities at 18 months

Yuko Yato et al. J Epidemiol. 2010.

Abstract

Background: This study investigated developmental change and stability in infant responses to the still-face (SF) situation, as well as predictive validity at age 18 months, focusing on autonomy and responsiveness.

Methods: A total of 231 children (117 boys and 114 girls) and their Japanese mothers were observed in a face-to-face SF situation at two infant ages (4 and 9 months), as well as a caregiver-child teaching interaction at age 18 months. Each infant's facial expression, gaze direction, and vocalization were coded according to the SF paradigm, including the Natural Interaction (NI) and SF phases. Each child's Autonomy and Responsiveness to the Caregiver at age 18 months were both evaluated by means of the Interaction Rating Scale.

Results: The results indicated that negative facial expression and vocalization in the SF phases at age 9 months predicted the Autonomy rating at age 18 months, while positive facial expression and gaze toward the caregiver in the NI at age 9 months predicted the Responsiveness to Caregiver rating at age 18 months.

Conclusions: The results are discussed in the context of developmental continuity and change in the children's social cognition and voluntary movements.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Results of Path analyses concerning behavioral variables during NI phase of SF procedure at age 4 and 9 months and Responsiveness to caregiver at age 18 months. Values represent estimates of standardized regression weights, R2, coefficient of determination, with respect to Positive Facial Expression, Gaze at Caregiver, and Vocalization, respectively. *P < .05, **P < .01, +P < .10.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Results of Path analyses concerning behavioral variables during SF phase of SF procedure at age 4 and 9 months and Autonomy score at age 18 months. Values represent estimates of standardized regression weights, R2, coefficient of determination, with respect to Vocalization, Negative Facial Expression, and Positive Facial Expression, respectively. *P < .05, +P < .10.
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