Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2009;55(2):140-58.
doi: 10.1080/19485560903382437.

Considering the inclusion of metabolic and cardiovascular markers in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics

Noreen Goldman  1 , Jennifer B Dowd
Affiliations
Review

Considering the inclusion of metabolic and cardiovascular markers in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics

Noreen Goldman et al. Biodemography Soc Biol. 2009.

Abstract

The inclusion of biomarkers in social surveys such as the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) has the potential to answer many elusive questions in social science and public health, including the much-studied relationship between socioeconomic status and health. This article reviews the potential inclusion of biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic risk in the PSID. We first discuss the considerable analytical benefits of adding these biomarkers to the PSID, including the exploration of life course hypotheses and the potential to test causal relationships between the social environment and biological systems. Next, we review evidence on the reliability of self-reports of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, concluding that the potential bias from relying on self-reports may be substantial. Based on evidence of biological importance as well as practical considerations of ease of in-home collection, our first tier of recommended biomarkers includes measured height, weight, waist and hip circumference, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cystatin C. Additional markers of secondary priority are also discussed.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Adair LS, Kuzawa CW, Borja J. Maternal energy stores and diet composition during pregnancy program adolescent blood pressure. Circulation. 2001;104(9):1034–1039. - PubMed
    1. Alley DE, Chang VW. The changing relationship of obesity and disability, 1988–2004. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2007;298(17):2020–2027. - PubMed
    1. Amick BC, III, McDonough P, Chang H, Rogers WH, Pieper CF, Duncan G. Relationship between all-cause mortality and cumulative working life course psychosocial and physical exposures in the United States labor market from 1968 to 1992. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2002;64(3):370–381. - PubMed
    1. Bachmann LM, Steurer J, Holm D, Vetter W. To what extent can we trust home blood pressure measurement? A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2002;IV(VI):405–412. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Baker M, Stabile M, Deri C. What do self-reported, objective, measures of health measure? The Journal of Human Resources. 2004;XXXIX(4):1067–1093.