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Review
. 2010 Feb 26;6(2):e1000795.
doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000795.

Caspase-1 activation via Rho GTPases: a common theme in mucosal infections?

Andreas J Müller  1 , Claudia Hoffmann, Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
Affiliations
Review

Caspase-1 activation via Rho GTPases: a common theme in mucosal infections?

Andreas J Müller et al. PLoS Pathog. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Danger-associated signaling via the inflammasome.
(A) Cytosolic microbe-associated molecular patterns and danger signals are detected and integrated by an array of inflammasome components converging at the activation of caspase-1 , –. In addition to the already known stimuli for inflammasome activation (left, red), a pathway involving S. Typhimurium SopE and Rho GTPases (right, blue) has been described recently . (B) Comparison of the virulence mechanisms of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Citrobacter/EPEC. The effector proteins injected can act both directly on the actin polymerization as well as via the activation of Rho GTPases –. (C) Comparison of pathologies in different animal models of Salmonella, Shigella, and Citrobacter/EPEC infection. The region of the strongest pathology and the most important pathological changes in each model is indicated in red. Representative images for the macroscopic and histological changes in the respective animal models can be found in references –.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Sequence and structural comparison of GEFs from different origins.
(A) Sequence alignment of SopE-type (upper alignment) and WxxxE-type (lower alignment) bacterial effector proteins with postulated Rho GTPase activity; >80% identity is shaded in red, >50% in grey. The residues shown to be important for catalytic GEF activity of SopE or Map are marked with asterisks. WxxxE motif and catalytic loops highlighted in (B) are marked with brackets. Note that SifA has a completely different amino acid sequence in its catalytic loop compared to the other proteins in the WxxxE family . (B) Crystal structures of GEFs from different organisms in complex with Cdc42 (orange). Left panel: SopE (cyan) from S. Typhimurium ; the catalytic loop is highlighted in red. Middle panel: Map (pink) from enteropathogenic E. coli ; the WxxxE motif is highlighted in blue and the catalytic loop in red. Right panel: Human Tiam1 (pale blue); only the Rho GTPase binding DH domain is shown . Structures were created using Jmol (http://www.jmol.org/).
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