Myrtaceae, a cache of fungal biodiversity

Abstract

Twenty-six species of microfungi are treated, the majority of which are associated with leaf spots of Corymbia, Eucalyptus and Syzygium spp. (Myrtaceae). The treated species include three new genera, Bagadiella, Foliocryphia and Pseudoramichloridium, 20 new species and one new combination. Novelties on Eucalyptus include: Antennariella placitae, Bagadiellalunata, Cladoriella rubrigena, C. paleospora, Cyphellophora eucalypti, Elsinoë eucalypticola, Foliocryphia eucalypti, Leptoxyphium madagascariense, Neofabraea eucalypti, Polyscytalum algarvense, Quambalaria simpsonii, Selenophoma australiensis, Sphaceloma tectificae, Strelitziana australiensis and Zeloasperisporium eucalyptorum.Stylaspergillus synanamorphs are reported for two species of Parasympodiella, P. eucalypti sp. nov. and P. elongata, while Blastacervulus eucalypti, Minimedusa obcoronata and Sydowia eucalypti are described from culture. Furthermore, Penidiella corymbia and Pseudoramichloridium henryi are newly described on Corymbia, Pseudocercospora palleobrunnea on Syzygium and Rachicladosporium americanum on leaf litter. To facilitate species identification, as well as determine phylogenetic relationships, DNA sequence data were generated from the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1, 5.8S nrDNA, ITS2) and the 28S nrDNA (LSU) regions of all taxa studied.

Keywords: Corymbia; Eucalyptus; Syzygium; microfungi; taxonomy.

Fig. 1

One of 27 equally most parsimonious trees obtained from a heuristic search with 100 random taxon additions of the LSU sequence alignment using PAUP v4.0b10. The scale bar shows 10 changes, and bootstrap support values higher than 70 % from 1 000 replicates are shown at the nodes. Thickened lines indicate the strict consensus branches and novel sequences are printed in bold. The tree was rooted to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GenBank accession Z73326). AGA = Agaricomycetes, EXO = Exobasidiomycetes, EUR = Eurotiomycetes, LEO = Leotiomycetes, SOR = Sordariomycetes, DOT = Dothideomycetes, all others are incertae sedis.

Fig. 2

Antennariella placitae. a, b. Colony on MEA; c–f. pycnidia; g–i. conidiogenous cells; j. conidia; k–n. hyphae in culture. — Scale bars: c–f = 40 μm; g–n = 10 μm.

Fig. 3

Bagadiella lunata. a. Caespituli on leaf; b. pseudoparenchymatal tissue in substomatal cavity; c, d. rosette of conidiophores; e. conidia; f–i. conidia, conidiophores and conidiogenous cells, showing collarates. — Scale bars: a = 300 μm; b–d = 30 μm; e–i = 10 μm.

Fig. 4

Blastacervulus eucalypti. a. Leaf spot; b. cross section of sporodochium; c–f. conidiogenous cells and conidia; g–i. conidia in chains, developing on leaves incubated in moist chambers. — Scale bars: a = 150 μm; b = 100 μm; c–i = 10 μm.

Fig. 5

Cladoriella paleospora. a. Caespituli on leaf; b. colony on SNA; c–g. conidial chain, conidiogenous cells and conidiophores; h. conidia. — Scale bars: a = 120 μm; c–h = 10 μm.

Fig. 6

Cladoriella rubrigena. a, b. Colony on MEA; c, d. conidial chains; e. conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. — Scale bars: a = 20 mm; c–e = 10 μm.

Fig. 7

Cyphellophora eucalypti. a. Colony on MEA; b–e. conidial bundles on conidiogenous cells; f–j. conidiogenous cells conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia, with visible collarattes; k–l. conidia. — Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 8

Elsinoë eucalypticola. a, b. Lesions on leaf; c. colony on MEA; d–g. asci; h–l. ascospores. — Scale bars: b = 10 mm; d–l = 10 μm.

Fig. 9

Foliocryphia eucalypti. a. Pycnidia on OA; b. cross section of conidioma; c–e. conidiophores and conidiogenous cells; f. conidia. — Scale bars: a = 450 μm; b = 100 μm; c–f = 10 μm.

Fig. 10

Leptoxyphium madagascariense. a. Colony on MEA; b–d. synemata; e, f. conidiogenous cells; g. conidia; h–j. hyphae and chlamydospores in culture. — Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b–d = 50 μm; e–j = 10 μm.

Fig. 11

Minimedusa obcoronata. a. Sporodochia on leaf; b–d. conidia, conidiogenous cells and conidiophores; e, f, h, i. conidia (underneath); g, j. conidia (surface). — Scale bars: a = 100 μm; b–j = 10 μm.

Fig. 12

Neofabraea eucalypti. a, b. Ascomata on pine needle agar; c. pycnidia on OA; d–f. paraphyses, asci and setae-like structures (arrows); f. basal stroma; g. asci; h. ascospores. — Scale bars: a–c = 100 μm; d–h = 10 μm.

Fig. 13

Parasympodiella elongata. a. Colony on OA; b. conidiogenous cells and conidia; c. conidia; d. Stylaspergillus sp. synanamorph on Parasympodiella conidiophores; e–h. conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia of Stylaspergillus sp.; i, j. chlamydospores. — Scale bars: a = 400 μm; b–j = 10 μm.

Fig. 14

Parasympodiella eucalypti. a, b. Conidiogenous cells; c. conidial chain; d. conidia; e. Stylaspergillus sp. synanamorph on Parasympodiella conidiophore; f–i. conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia of Stylaspergillus sp. — Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 15

Parasympodiella laxa. a, b. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia; c. conidia; d. conidiophores and conidiogenous cells of Stylaspergillus laxus synanamorph; e. Stylaspergillus laxus synanamorph on Parasympodiella conidiophores. — Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 16

Penidiella corymbia. a–h. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidial chains; i–l. chlamydospores; m–o. conidiogenous cells with prominent scars; p–r. hyphae; s, t. conidia. — Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 17

Polyscytalum algarvense. a–c. Sporodochia on OA; d–f. conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidial chains; g–i. conidia; j. conidiogenous cell; k. creeping hyphae. — Scale bars: a = 300 μm; b = 200 μm; c = 150 μm; d–k = 10 μm.

Fig. 18

Pseudocercospora palleobrunnea. a. Sporodochium; b–e. conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia; f. conidia. — Scale bars: a = 35 μm; b–f = 10 μm.

Fig. 19

Pseudoramichloridium henryi. a. Colony on MEA; b. colony on SNA; c, d. conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia; e, f. conidia. — Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 20

Quambalaria simpsonii. a. Colony on MEA; b–i. hyphae, conidiogenous cells and conidia; j. conidia. — Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 21

Rachicladosporium americanum. a–e. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia; f. conidiogenous cells with prominent scars. — Scale bars = 10 μm.

Fig. 22

Selenophoma australiensis. a. Colony on SNA; b, c. hyphae; d–i. conidia produced from hyphal cells; j, k. endoconidia; l. chlamydospores; m. cross section through pycnidium on canation leaf agar; n, o. conidiogenous cells; p. conidia. — Scale bars: a = 200 μm; b–p = 10 μm.

Fig. 23

Sphaceloma tectificae. a. Colony on MEA; b–h. Sporotrichum synanamorph; b–f. conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia; g. Sporotrichum producing from Sphaceloma conidial anastomosis; h, i. Sphaceloma sp. — Scale bars: a = 2 cm; b–i = 20 μm.

Fig. 24

Strelitziana australiensis. a. Colony on MEA; b–e. conidiogenous cells and conidia; f. conidiogenous cells; g. young conidia arising from conidiogenous cells; h. chlamydospores; i. connection cells on conidiogenous cells; j. apical conidial mucilaginous appendage; k. conidia and microcyclic conidiation. — Scale bars: b–e, h, i, k = 20 μm; f, g, j = 40 μm.

Fig. 25

Sydowia eucalypti. a. Conidiomata giving rise to spore masses on host leaf; b. conidia of Selenophoma; c. colony on MEA; d. colony on pine needle agar; e, f. conidia of Coniothyrium-like synanamorph; g. conidiogenous cell; h–j. asci and ascospores. — Scale bars: a, f, g = 10 mm; b, e = 20 μm; d = 100 μm; h–j = 40 μm.

Fig. 26

Zeloasperisporium eucalyptorum. a. Colony on pine needle agar; b–f. conidia on conidiogenous cells; g. microcyclic conidiation; h, i. conidia; j, k. micronematous conidiogenous cells. — Scale bars: a = 200 μm; b–f = 15 μm; g–k = 10 μm.