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. 2010 Mar;16(3):455-63.
doi: 10.3201/eid1603.090290.

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease, Europe, 1996-2006

Shamez Ladhani  1 , Mary P E Slack, Paul T Heath, Anne von Gottberg, Manosree Chandra, Mary E Ramsay; European Union Invasive Bacterial Infection Surveillance participants
Collaborators, Affiliations

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Disease, Europe, 1996-2006

Shamez Ladhani et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Mar.

Abstract

An international collaboration was established in 1996 to monitor the impact of routine Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination on invasive H. influenzae disease; 14 countries routinely serotype all clinical isolates. Of the 10,081 invasive H. influenzae infections reported during 1996-2006, 4,466 (44%, incidence 0.28 infections/100,000 population) were due to noncapsulated H. influenzae (ncHi); 2,836 (28%, 0.15/100,000), to Hib; and 690 (7%, 0.036/100,000), to non-b encapsulated H. influenzae. Invasive ncHi infections occurred in older persons more often than Hib (median age 58 years vs. 5 years, p<0.0001) and were associated with higher case-fatality ratios (12% vs. 4%, p<0.0001), particularly in infants (17% vs. 3%, p<0.0001). Among non-b encapsulated H. influenzae, types f (72%) and e (21%) were responsible for almost all cases; the overall case-fatality rate was 9%. Thus, the incidence of invasive non-type b H. influenzae is now higher than that of Hib and is associated with higher case fatality.

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Figure
Figure
Age-specific incidence for disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and noncapsulated H. influenzae (ncHi) for all countries combined, Europe, 2000–2006. A) All age groups; B) infants <1 year of age.
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