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. 2010 Apr;17(2):85-103.
doi: 10.1093/dnares/dsq004. Epub 2010 Mar 4.

Genomic structure of an economically important cyanobacterium, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis NIES-39

Takatomo Fujisawa  1 , Rei Narikawa, Shinobu Okamoto, Shigeki Ehira, Hidehisa Yoshimura, Iwane Suzuki, Tatsuru Masuda, Mari Mochimaru, Shinichi Takaichi, Koichiro Awai, Mitsuo Sekine, Hiroshi Horikawa, Isao Yashiro, Seiha Omata, Hiromi Takarada, Yoko Katano, Hiroki Kosugi, Satoshi Tanikawa, Kazuko Ohmori, Naoki Sato, Masahiko Ikeuchi, Nobuyuki Fujita, Masayuki Ohmori
Affiliations

Genomic structure of an economically important cyanobacterium, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis NIES-39

Takatomo Fujisawa et al. DNA Res. 2010 Apr.

Abstract

A filamentous non-N(2)-fixing cyanobacterium, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis, is an important organism for industrial applications and as a food supply. Almost the complete genome of A. platensis NIES-39 was determined in this study. The genome structure of A. platensis is estimated to be a single, circular chromosome of 6.8 Mb, based on optical mapping. Annotation of this 6.7 Mb sequence yielded 6630 protein-coding genes as well as two sets of rRNA genes and 40 tRNA genes. Of the protein-coding genes, 78% are similar to those of other organisms; the remaining 22% are currently unknown. A total 612 kb of the genome comprise group II introns, insertion sequences and some repetitive elements. Group I introns are located in a protein-coding region. Abundant restriction-modification systems were determined. Unique features in the gene composition were noted, particularly in a large number of genes for adenylate cyclase and haemolysin-like Ca(2+)-binding proteins and in chemotaxis proteins. Filament-specific genes were highlighted by comparative genomic analysis.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of the circular chromosome of A. platensis. A scale indicates the coordinates in megabase pairs. From outside to inside: circle 1, the gaps in the genome; circles 2 and 3, predicted protein-coding genes on the forward and reverse strands; circle 4, G+C content; circle 5, GC skew. Eighteen contig gaps (G01-G18) are numbered in the clockwise direction starting from the end of the longest contig. Functional categories were colour-coded according to the standard colours used by COGs. The genome sequence and annotation of A. platensis NIES-39 are available at GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ under accession no. AP011615.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Gene structure of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) gene with two group I intron insertions.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Domain architecture of adenylate cyclases in A. platensis. See Table 1 for abbreviations.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Domain architecture of HsdS proteins. The target recognition domain roughly corresponds to Methylase_S (PF01420).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Selective mutations in the nrsS/R/B/A region.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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