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. 2009 Mar 7;6(2):139-49.

Effects of varying concentrations of the crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Dalbergia sissoo plant parts on Biomphalaria pfeifferi egg masses

Adedotun A Adenusi  1 , Alexander B Odaibo
Affiliations

Effects of varying concentrations of the crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Dalbergia sissoo plant parts on Biomphalaria pfeifferi egg masses

Adedotun A Adenusi et al. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. .

Abstract

This study evaluated, using replicated laboratory bioassays, the toxicities of the crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. 1832 (family Leguminosae) fruits, leaves, roots and stem bark against egg masses of Biomphalaria pfeifferi (Krauss, 1848), the snail intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907) in Nigeria. Viable 0-24 hr-old embryonated egg masses were separately exposed to five different concentrations (7.81-2000 mg/l) of extracts for 24 hrs, washed in dechlorinated tap water and incubated at room temperature for a maximum of 4 weeks. The LC(50) and LC(90) values of test extracts for egg masses were calculated by probit analysis. The activities of the tested extracts were concentration-dependent. However, only the ethanolic extract of the fruits demonstrated significant activity (24 hr-LC(90) value < 100 mg/l: 89.29 mg/l). Mortalities of eggs were manifested at the gastrula/exogastrula and or the prehatch snail stage of development. The percentage of dead embryos at the prehatch snail stage decreased while the deaths of embryos at the gastrula/exogastrula stage increased, with increasing concentration of extract. Lethality of the ethanolic extract of D. sissoo fruits to embryonated egg masses of B. pfeifferi is an added advantage to its potential development for use as a plant molluscicide, as the overall efficacy of a molluscicide is greatly enhanced if it also shows significant toxicity towards snail eggs.

Keywords: Biomphalaria pfeifferi; Dalbergia sissoo; Egg masses; Schistosoma mansoni.

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Figures

Plate 1
Plate 1
Photomicrograph of normal viable, 0–24 hr-old egg mass of B. pfeifferi. Mag. X200
Plate 2
Plate 2
Photomicrograph of dead embryos at the gastrula/exogastrula stage after 4 weeks of incubation. Mag. X 200
Plate 3
Plate 3
Photomicrograph of dead embryos at the prehatch snail stage. Mag. X200
Plate 4
Plate 4
Photomicrograph of an egg mass containing dead embryos both at the gastrula/exogastrula and prehatch snail stages. Mag. X200.
Plate 5
Plate 5
Photomicrograph of undeveloped eggs of B. pfeifferi at the gastrula/exo-gastrula stage after 4 weeks of incubation (positive controls). Mag. X200
Plate 6
Plate 6
Photomicrograph of prehatch snails at the final stages of hatching. Mag. X200 *The arrowed snail is already hatched.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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