Cardiac toxicity in association with chemotherapy and radiation therapy in a large cohort of older patients with non-small-cell lung cancer

Abstract

Background: The study's objective was to investigate the risks of developing cardiac disorders following the administration of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: The study consisted of 34 209 patients aged > or =65 years with American Joint Committee on Cancer stages I-IV NSCLC identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result-Medicare linked database (1991-2002) who were free of cardiac disorders at NSCLC diagnosis.

Results: There were significant associations between the use of chemotherapy/radiation and the risks of developing ischemic heart disease, conduction disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. The absolute risks for cardiac dysfunction increased with the administration of chemotherapy-only and radiation-only, and incrementally with chemoradiation. Men, blacks, older patients, those with higher comorbidity scores, and advanced disease were at higher risk. The risk for ischemic heart disease increased when radiation/chemoradiation were rendered to the left lung and both lungs and for cardiac dysfunction, radiation administered to the left lung.

Conclusions: There were significant associations especially for cardiac dysfunction with use of chemotherapy/radiation therapy and risks of developing cardiac toxicity in NSCLC patients. The risks of treatment-associated cardiac toxicity, specifically ischemic heart disease and cardiac dysfunction, were greatest among those with left-sided lung tumors.