Perception of multiple-breath inspiratory resistive loads in males and females

Abstract

Resistive load magnitude estimation (ME) was measured over multiple breaths in male and female subjects. It was hypothesized that multiple breaths against a range of resistive loads would result in a change in the perceived load magnitude as a function of load magnitude and the number of inspiratory efforts. It was further hypothesized that males and females would differ in their perceptual response to sustained breathing against inspiratory resistive loads. The subjects were tested in a sound isolated room and respired through a non-rebreathing valve, the inspiratory port connected to the loading manifold. The subject inspired to a peak airflow target for each breath. Each R load was presented for 10 continuous breaths. The load was estimated at breath 1, 5, and 10 using a modified Borg scale. Each 10-breath load presentation was presented in a randomized block. There was no significant group difference between the ME for breath 1 and 10 for small R loads, but a significant group difference for large R loads. The ME for males did not change between breath 1 and 10 for the small load magnitudes, but decreased with large loads. The ME for the 10th breath of the large R load was greater than the 1st breath for females. Males estimated the large R load on the 1st breath the same as females but the ME on the 10th breath was significantly less for males compared to females. These results demonstrate that magnitude estimation of large resistive loads with a sustained 10-breath trial elicits significant increases in females, but significantly decreased in males. The increase in ME may represent increased respiratory discomfort for females and the decrease habituation in males.

Fig. 1.

The mean (±standard deviation) ME for males and females on breath 1 and 10 for the 40 cm H₂O/L s⁻¹ resistive load. The * indicated significant difference (p < 0.05) for ME between breath number for a load magnitude. The # indicates a significant difference (p < 0.05) between genders for the corresponding load magnitude and breath number.