Gingival enlargement in neurofibromatosis type 1: a case report and literature review

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this article is to describe a rare case of neurofibromatosis1 (NF1) of the gingiva and a review of the current literature.

Background: Neurofibromatosis1 (NF1) of the gingiva is an uncommon cause of gingival enlargement. The disease is clinically characterized by epidermal melanosis, nevi, and flabby skin or bone malformations; in addition, the lesions may undergo malignant transformation. Involvement of the gingiva with or without concurrent skin lesions has been reported only occasionally.

Case description: A 40-year-old male patient with a history of NF1 came to us with a chief complaint of enlargement of the gums. Clinical examination revealed diffuse gingival enlargement with no signs of inflammation. The characteristic skin lesions associated with NF1 were also present. A gingival specimen was sent for biopsy.

Results: Based on the history, clinical, and histological findings, NF1 was established as the cause of the gingival enlargement.

Summary: NF1 may affect the gingival tissue; considering the neurological complications and malignant potential, NF1 must be diagnosed early and monitored regularly.

Clinical significance: The clinician should be aware of clinical and histopathological findings of NF1 considering the fact that the condition has malignant potential.