Hyperventilation provocation in patients with chest pain and a negative treadmill exercise test

Abstract

Seventeen (39%) of 44 patients with chest pain but without significant ST depression on treadmill exercise had their usual chest pain reproduced during or after 3 min of voluntary hyperventilation (VHV) at rest. These patients with hyperventilation positive tests had not only significantly more hyperventilation-related symptoms and respiratory complaints but also shorter breath-holding times, lower mean resting end-tidal pCO2 and higher mean respiratory rates than those with negative tests and normal controls. Of the psychological variables, only phobic avoidance scores for agoraphobia were higher in patients with positive tests. These findings suggest that in two fifths of patients with exercise tests negative for ischaemia, chest pain is associated with HV, but abnormalities of breath control and relative hypocapnia are present even in the absence of chest pain. It is possible that a chronic abnormality of respiratory control may interact with attitudinal factors in the experience of non-cardiac chest pain.