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Meta-Analysis
. 2010 Mar 17;2010(3):CD006114.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006114.pub2.

Fluvoxamine versus other anti-depressive agents for depression

Ichiro M Omori  1 , Norio Watanabe, Atsuo Nakagawa, Andrea Cipriani, Corrado Barbui, Hugh McGuire, Rachel Churchill, Toshi A Furukawa
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Fluvoxamine versus other anti-depressive agents for depression

Ichiro M Omori et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Fluvoxamine, one of the oldest selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), is prescribed to patients with major depression in many countries. Several studies have previously reviewed the efficacy and tolerability of fluvoxamine for the treatment of major depression. However, these reviews are now outdated.

Objectives: Our objective is to evaluate the effectiveness, tolerability and side effect profile of fluvoxamine for major depression in comparison with other anti-depressive agents, including tricyclics (TCAs), heterocyclics, other SSRIs, SNRIs, other newer agents and other conventional psychotropic drugs.

Search strategy: We searched the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Controlled Trials Register. Trial databases and ongoing trial registers in North America, Europe, Japan and Australia, were handsearched for randomised controlled trials. We checked reference lists of the articles included in the review, previous systematic reviews and major textbooks of affective disorder for published reports and citations of unpublished research. The date of last search was 31 August 2008.

Selection criteria: We included all randomised controlled trials, published in any language, that compared fluvoxamine with any other active antidepressants in the acute phase treatment of major depression.

Data collection and analysis: Two independent review authors inspected citations and abstracts, obtained papers, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. We analysed dichotomous data using odds ratios (ORs) and continuous data using the standardised mean difference (SMD). A random effects model was used to combine studies.

Main results: A total of 54 randomised controlled trials (n = 5122) were included. No strong evidence was found to indicate that fluvoxamine was either superior or inferior to other antidepressants regarding response, remission and tolerability. However, differing side effect profiles were evident, especially with regard to gastrointestinal side effects of fluvoxamine when compared to other antidepressants. For example, fluvoxamine was generally associated with a higher incidence of vomiting/nausea (versus imipramine, OR 2.23, CI 1.59 to 3.14; versus clomipramine, OR 2.13, CI 1.06 to 4.27; versus amitriptyline, OR 2.86, CI 1.31 to 2.63).

Authors' conclusions: We found no strong evidence that fluvoxamine was either superior or inferior to any other antidepressants in terms of efficacy and tolerability in the acute phase treatment of depression. However, differing side effect profiles were evident. Based on these findings, we conclude that clinicians should focus on practical or clinically relevant considerations, including these differences in side effect profiles.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

IMO, AN, AC, CB, HM and RC have nothing to declare. NW has received a speaking fee from GlaxoSmithKline. TAF has received research funds and speaking fees from Dai Nippon Sumitomo, Eli Lilly, GSK, Meiji, Otsuka, and Pfizer. The Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology and the Japanese Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare have also funded TAF's research.

Figures

1
1
Flow diagram for the trials
2
2
Methodological quality graph: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item presented as percentages across all included studies.
3
3
Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study.
4
4
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, outcome: 1.1 Response (acute phase).
5
5
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, outcome: 1.2 Response (early phase).
6
6
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, outcome: 1.4 Remission (acute phase).
7
7
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, outcome: 1.11 Total Dropout.
8
8
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, outcome: 1.13 Dropout due to side effects.
9
9
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, outcome: 1.14 Number of patients experiencing at least one side effect.
10
10
Forest plot of comparison: 3 Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, outcome: 3.1 Response (acute phase).
11
11
Forest plot of comparison: 4 Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, outcome: 4.1 Response (acute phase).
12
12
Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, outcome: 1.1 Response (acute phase): Primary outcome.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 1 Response (acute phase): Primary outcome.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 2 Response (early phase).
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 3 Remission (early phase).
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 4 Remission (acute phase).
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 5 Depression scale ‐ Endpoint score: low=good (early phase).
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 8 Depression scale ‐ Change score: decrease=good (early phase).
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 10 Depression scale ‐ Change score: decrease=good (acute phase).
1.12
1.12. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 12 Total Dropout.
1.13
1.13. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 13 Dropout due to inefficacy.
1.14
1.14. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 14 Dropout due to side effects.
1.15
1.15. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 15 Number of patients experiencing at least one side effect.
1.16
1.16. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 16 Subgroup analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 1. Fluvoxamine dosing ‐ Standard dosage.
1.17
1.17. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 17 Subgroup analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 1. Fluvoxamine dosing ‐ High dosage.
1.18
1.18. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 18 Subgroup analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 2. Comparator dosing ‐ Standard dosage.
1.19
1.19. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 19 Subgroup analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 2. Comparator dosing ‐ High dosage.
1.20
1.20. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 20 Subgroup analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 4. Treatment settings ‐ Inpatient.
1.21
1.21. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 21 Subgroup analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 4. Treatment settings ‐ Outpatients.
1.22
1.22. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 22 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 2. Excluding trials dropout rate >20%.
1.23
1.23. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 23 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 3. Worst case scenario ITT.
1.24
1.24. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 24 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 4. Best case scenario ITT.
1.25
1.25. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 25 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 5. Excluding trials with imputation methods for calculating response.
1.26
1.26. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 26 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Mean change from baseline (acute phase) 5. Excluding trials for which the SD had to be borrowed from other trials.
1.27
1.27. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 27 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 6. Wish bias ‐ Fluvoxamine as an investigational drug.
1.28
1.28. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 28 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 7. Funding ‐ Excluding trials funded by the fluvoxamine marketing company.
1.29
1.29. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 29 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 7. Funding ‐ Trials funded by the fluvoxamine marketing company.
1.30
1.30. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 30 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 8. Excluding trials that might include patients with bipolar depression.
1.31
1.31. Analysis
Comparison 1 Fluvoxamine versus TCAs, Outcome 31 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 9. Excluding trials that included patients with psychotic features.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 1 Response (acute phase): Primary outcome.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 2 Response (early phase).
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 3 Remission (early phase).
2.4
2.4. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 4 Remission (acute phase).
2.5
2.5. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 5 Depression scale ‐ Endpoint score: low=good (early phase).
2.8
2.8. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 8 Depression scale ‐ Change score: decrease=good (early phase).
2.11
2.11. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 11 Total Dropout.
2.12
2.12. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 12 Dropout due to inefficacy.
2.13
2.13. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 13 Dropout due to side effects.
2.14
2.14. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 14 Number of patients experiencing at least one side effect.
2.15
2.15. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 15 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 3. Worst case scenario ITT.
2.16
2.16. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 16 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 4. Best case scenario ITT.
2.17
2.17. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 17 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 5. Excluding trials with imputation methods for calculating response.
2.18
2.18. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 18 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 6. Wish bias ‐ Fluvoxamine as an investigational drug.
2.19
2.19. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 19 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 7. Funding ‐ Trials funded by the fluvoxamine marketing company.
2.20
2.20. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 20 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 8. Excluding trials that might include patients with bipolar depression.
2.21
2.21. Analysis
Comparison 2 Fluvoxamine versus Heterocyclics, Outcome 21 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 9. Excluding trials that included patients with psychotic features.
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 1 Response (acute phase): Primary outcome.
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 2 Response (early phase).
3.3
3.3. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 3 Remission (early phase).
3.4
3.4. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 4 Remission (acute phase).
3.5
3.5. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 5 Depression scale ‐ Endpoint score: low=good (early phase).
3.8
3.8. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 8 Depression scale ‐ Change score: decrease=good (early phase).
3.10
3.10. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 10 Depression scale ‐ Change score: decrease=good (acute phase).
3.12
3.12. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 12 Total Dropout.
3.13
3.13. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 13 Dropout due to inefficacy.
3.14
3.14. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 14 Dropout due to side effects.
3.15
3.15. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 15 Number of patients experiencing at least one side effect.
3.16
3.16. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 16 Subgroup analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 1. Fluvoxamine dosing ‐ Standard dosage.
3.17
3.17. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 17 Subgroup analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 1. Fluvoxamine dosing ‐ High dosage.
3.18
3.18. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 18 Subgroup analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 2. Comparator dosing ‐ Standard dosage.
3.19
3.19. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 19 Subgroup analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 2. Comparator dosing ‐ High dosage.
3.20
3.20. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 20 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 2. Excluding trials dropout rate >20%.
3.21
3.21. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 21 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 3. Worst case scenario ITT.
3.22
3.22. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 22 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 4. Best case scenario ITT.
3.23
3.23. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 23 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 5. Excluding trials with imputation methods for calculating response.
3.24
3.24. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 24 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Mean change from baseline (acute phase) 5. Excluding trials for which the SD had to be borrowed from other trials.
3.25
3.25. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 25 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 6. Wish bias ‐ Fluvoxamine as an investigational drug.
3.26
3.26. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 26 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 7. Funding ‐ Excluding trials funded by the fluvoxamine marketing company.
3.27
3.27. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 27 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 7. Funding ‐ Trials funded by the fluvoxamine marketing company.
3.28
3.28. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 28 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 8. Excluding trials that might include patients with bipolar depression.
3.29
3.29. Analysis
Comparison 3 Fluvoxamine versus other SSRIs, Outcome 29 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 9. Excluding trials that included patients with psychotic features.
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 1 Response (acute phase): Primary outcome.
4.2
4.2. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 2 Response (early phase).
4.3
4.3. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 3 Remission (early phase).
4.4
4.4. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 4 Remission (acute phase).
4.5
4.5. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 5 Depression scale ‐ Endpoint score: low=good (early phase).
4.10
4.10. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 10 Total Dropout.
4.11
4.11. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 11 Dropout due to inefficacy.
4.12
4.12. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 12 Dropout due to side effects.
4.13
4.13. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 13 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 3. Worst case scenario ITT.
4.14
4.14. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 14 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 4. Best case scenario ITT.
4.15
4.15. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 15 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 5. Excluding trials with imputation methods for calculating response.
4.16
4.16. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 16 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 6. Wish bias ‐ Fluvoxamine as a comparator drug.
4.17
4.17. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 17 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 7. Funding ‐ Excluding trials funded by the fluvoxamine marketing company.
4.18
4.18. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 18 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 8. Excluding trials that might include patients with bipolar depression.
4.19
4.19. Analysis
Comparison 4 Fluvoxamine versus SNRIs, Outcome 19 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 9. Excluding trials that included patients with psychotic features.
5.1
5.1. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 1 Response (acute phase): Primary outcome.
5.2
5.2. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 2 Response (early phase).
5.3
5.3. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 3 Remission (early phase).
5.4
5.4. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 4 Remission (acute phase).
5.7
5.7. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 7 Depression scale ‐ Change score: decrease=good (early phase).
5.9
5.9. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 9 Depression scale ‐ Change score: decrease=good (acute phase).
5.10
5.10. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 10 Total Dropout.
5.11
5.11. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 11 Dropout due to inefficacy.
5.12
5.12. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 12 Dropout due to side effects.
5.13
5.13. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 13 Number of patients experiencing at least one side effect.
5.14
5.14. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 14 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 3. Worst case scenario ITT.
5.15
5.15. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 15 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 4. Best case scenario ITT.
5.16
5.16. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 16 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 5. Excluding trials with imputation methods for calculating response.
5.17
5.17. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 17 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Mean change from baseline (acute phase) 5. Excluding trials for which the SD had to be borrowed from other trials.
5.18
5.18. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 18 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 6. Wish bias ‐ Fluvoxamine as a comparator drug.
5.19
5.19. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 19 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 8. Excluding trials that might include patients with bipolar depression.
5.20
5.20. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 20 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 7. Funding ‐ Excluding trials funded by the fluvoxamine marketing company.
5.21
5.21. Analysis
Comparison 5 Fluvoxamine versus newer ADs, Outcome 21 Sensitivity analysis ‐ Response (acute phase) 9. Excluding trials that included patients with psychotic features.
6.1
6.1. Analysis
Comparison 6 Fluvoxamine versus other conventional psychotropic drugs, Outcome 1 Response (early phase).
6.2
6.2. Analysis
Comparison 6 Fluvoxamine versus other conventional psychotropic drugs, Outcome 2 Remission (early phase).
6.3
6.3. Analysis
Comparison 6 Fluvoxamine versus other conventional psychotropic drugs, Outcome 3 Depression scale ‐ Endpoint score: low=good (early phase).
6.4
6.4. Analysis
Comparison 6 Fluvoxamine versus other conventional psychotropic drugs, Outcome 4 Depression scale ‐ Change score: decrease=good (early phase).
6.5
6.5. Analysis
Comparison 6 Fluvoxamine versus other conventional psychotropic drugs, Outcome 5 Total Dropout.
7.1
7.1. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 1 Cardiovascular ‐ Hypertension / tachycardia.
7.2
7.2. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 2 Cardiovascular ‐ Hypotension / bradycardia.
7.3
7.3. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 3 Dermatological ‐ Dermatitis / rash.
7.4
7.4. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 4 Dermatological ‐ Sweating.
7.5
7.5. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 5 Gastrointestinal ‐ Increased salivation.
7.6
7.6. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 6 Gastrointestinal ‐ Dry mouth.
7.7
7.7. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 7 Gastrointestinal ‐ Oral discomfort / taste disturbance.
7.8
7.8. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 8 Gastrointestinal ‐ Vomiting / nausea.
7.9
7.9. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 9 Gastrointestinal ‐ Constipation.
7.10
7.10. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 10 Gastrointestinal ‐ Diarrhoea.
7.11
7.11. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 11 Gastrointestinal ‐ Weight gain.
7.12
7.12. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 12 Gastrointestinal ‐ Weight loss.
7.13
7.13. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 13 Gastrointestinal ‐ Increased appetite.
7.14
7.14. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 14 Gastrointestinal ‐ Anorexia.
7.15
7.15. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 15 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Blurred vision.
7.16
7.16. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 16 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Dizziness / vertigo / faintness.
7.17
7.17. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 17 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Fatigue / tiredness / asthenia.
7.18
7.18. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 18 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Headache.
7.19
7.19. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 19 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Tremor.
7.20
7.20. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 20 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Involuntary movement other than tremor.
7.21
7.21. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 21 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Insomnia.
7.22
7.22. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 22 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Sleepiness / drowsiness.
7.23
7.23. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 23 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Agitation / anxiety.
7.24
7.24. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 24 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Manic symptom.
7.25
7.25. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 25 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Completed suicide.
7.26
7.26. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 26 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Suicide wishes / gestures / attempts.
7.27
7.27. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 27 Genitourinary ‐ Problems urinating.
7.28
7.28. Analysis
Comparison 7 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs TCAs, Outcome 28 Genitourinary ‐ Sexual dysfunction.
8.1
8.1. Analysis
Comparison 8 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs Heterocyclics, Outcome 1 Gastrointestinal ‐ Dry mouth.
8.2
8.2. Analysis
Comparison 8 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs Heterocyclics, Outcome 2 Gastrointestinal ‐ Vomiting / nausea.
8.3
8.3. Analysis
Comparison 8 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs Heterocyclics, Outcome 3 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Dizziness / vertigo / faintness.
9.1
9.1. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 1 Cardiovascular ‐ Hypertension / tachycardia.
9.2
9.2. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 2 Cardiovascular ‐ Hypotension / bradycardia.
9.3
9.3. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 3 Dermatological ‐ Dermatitis / rash.
9.4
9.4. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 4 Dermatological ‐ Sweating.
9.5
9.5. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 5 Gastrointestinal ‐ Dry mouth.
9.6
9.6. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 6 Gastrointestinal ‐ Vomiting / nausea.
9.7
9.7. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 7 Gastrointestinal ‐ Constipation.
9.8
9.8. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 8 Gastrointestinal ‐ Diarrhoea.
9.9
9.9. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 9 Gastrointestinal ‐ Anorexia.
9.10
9.10. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 10 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Dizziness / vertigo / faintness.
9.11
9.11. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 11 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Fatigue / tiredness / asthenia.
9.12
9.12. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 12 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Headache.
9.13
9.13. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 13 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Tremor.
9.14
9.14. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 14 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Insomnia.
9.15
9.15. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 15 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Sleepiness / drowsiness.
9.16
9.16. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 16 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Agitation / anxiety.
9.17
9.17. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 17 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Manic symptom.
9.18
9.18. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 18 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Completed suicide.
9.19
9.19. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 19 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Suicide wishes / gestures / attempts.
9.20
9.20. Analysis
Comparison 9 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs other SSRIs, Outcome 20 Genitourinary ‐ Sexual dysfunction.
10.1
10.1. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 1 Cardiovascular ‐ Hypertension / tachycardia.
10.2
10.2. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 2 Cardiovascular ‐ Hypotension / bradycardia.
10.3
10.3. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 3 Dermatological ‐ Dermatitis / rash.
10.4
10.4. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 4 Dermatological ‐ Sweating.
10.5
10.5. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 5 Gastrointestinal ‐ Increased salivation.
10.6
10.6. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 6 Gastrointestinal ‐ Dry mouth.
10.7
10.7. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 7 Gastrointestinal ‐ Oral discomfort / taste disturbance.
10.8
10.8. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 8 Gastrointestinal ‐ Vomiting / nausea.
10.9
10.9. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 9 Gastrointestinal ‐ Constipation.
10.10
10.10. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 10 Gastrointestinal ‐ Diarrhoea.
10.11
10.11. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 11 Gastrointestinal ‐ Weight gain.
10.12
10.12. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 12 Gastrointestinal ‐ Weight loss.
10.13
10.13. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 13 Gastrointestinal ‐ Anorexia.
10.14
10.14. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 14 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Blurred vision.
10.15
10.15. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 15 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Dizziness / vertigo / faintness.
10.16
10.16. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 16 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Fatigue / tiredness / asthenia.
10.17
10.17. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 17 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Headache.
10.18
10.18. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 18 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Tremor.
10.19
10.19. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 19 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Involuntary movement other than tremor.
10.20
10.20. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 20 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Insomnia.
10.21
10.21. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 21 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Sleepiness / drowsiness.
10.22
10.22. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 22 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Agitation / anxiety.
10.23
10.23. Analysis
Comparison 10 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs SNRIs, Outcome 23 Genitourinary ‐ Problems urinating.
11.1
11.1. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 1 Cardiovascular ‐ Hypotension / bradycardia.
11.2
11.2. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 2 Dermatological ‐ Sweating.
11.3
11.3. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 3 Gastrointestinal ‐ Dry mouth.
11.4
11.4. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 4 Gastrointestinal ‐ Vomiting / nausea.
11.5
11.5. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 5 Gastrointestinal ‐ Constipation.
11.6
11.6. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 6 Gastrointestinal ‐ Diarrhoea.
11.7
11.7. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 7 Gastrointestinal ‐ Weight gain.
11.8
11.8. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 8 Gastrointestinal ‐ Increased appetite.
11.9
11.9. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 9 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Blurred vision.
11.10
11.10. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 10 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Dizziness / vertigo / faintness.
11.11
11.11. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 11 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Fatigue / tiredness / asthenia.
11.12
11.12. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 12 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Headache.
11.13
11.13. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 13 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Tremor.
11.14
11.14. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 14 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Insomnia.
11.15
11.15. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 15 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Sleepiness / drowsiness.
11.16
11.16. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 16 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Agitation / anxiety.
11.17
11.17. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 17 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Manic symptom.
11.18
11.18. Analysis
Comparison 11 Side effect profile: Fluvoxamine vs newer ADs, Outcome 18 Neuropsychiatric ‐ Completed suicide.
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References

References to studies included in this review

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Coleman 1982 {published data only}
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Lydiard 1989 {published data only}
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March 1990 {published data only}
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Mendonca Lima 1997 {published data only}
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Miller 2001 {published data only}
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Moon 1991 {published data only}
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Nathan 1990 {published and unpublished data}
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Nemeroff 1995 {published and unpublished data}
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Otsubo 2005 {published and unpublished data}
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Perez 1990 {published data only}
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Rahman 1991 {published data only}
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Rapaport 1996 {published data only}
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    1. Rapaport M, Coccaro E, Sheline Y, Perse T, Holland P, Fabre L, Bradford D. A comparison of fluvoxamine and fluoxetine in the treatment of major depression. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1996;16(5):373‐8. - PubMed
Rechlin 1994 {published and unpublished data}
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Remick 1994 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Remick RA, Reesal R, Oakander M, Allen J, Claman J, Ramirez CE, Perry K, Keller FD. Comparison of fluvoxamine and amitriptyline in depressed outpatients. Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental 1994;55(3):243‐50.
Rossini 2005 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Rossini D, Franchini L, Smeraldi E, Zanardi R. Sertraline versus fluvoxamine in the treatment of elderly patients with major depression: A double‐blind, randomised trial. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;12(Suppl 3):S251. - PubMed
    1. Rossini D, Serretti A, Franchini L, Mandelli L, Smeraldi E, Ronchi D, Zanardi R. Sertraline versus fluvoxamine in the treatment of elderly patients with major depression: A double‐blind, randomized trial. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2005;25(5):471‐5. - PubMed
Rota 2005 {published data only}
    1. Rota E, Broda R, Cangemi L, Migliaretti G, Paccotti P, Rosso C, Torre E, Zeppegno P, Portaleone P. Neuroendocrine (HPA axis) and clinical correlates during fluvoxamine and amitriptyline treatment. Psychiatry Research 2005;133(2‐3):281‐4. - PubMed
Schoemaker 2002 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Schoemaker J, Gailledreau J, Hoyberg OJ. First, randomized, double‐blind comparison of mirtazapine (15‐45 mg) and fluvoxamine (50‐150 mg) in the treatment of depression. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;5(Suppl 1):140.
    1. Shoemaker JH, The Mirtazapine bridging study group. Double‐blind comparison of mirtazapine versus fluvoxamine in patients with major depressive disorder (DSM‐IV). Unpublished data.
Tourigny‐Rivard 1996 {published data only}
    1. Tourigny‐Rivard M, Nair N, Vincent P. Fluvoxamine versus desipramine in elderly patients with major depression: A double‐blind comparison. 9th ECNP (European College of Neuropsychopharmacology) Congress. Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1996.
    1. Tourigny‐Rivard M‐F, Nair VK, Vincent P. Fluvoxamine vs desipramine in elderly depressed patients. Xth World Congress of Psychiatry. Madrid, Spain, 1996.
Ueda 2002 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Ueda N, Yoshimura R, Shinkai K, Nakamura J. Plasma levels of catecholamine metabolites predict the response to sulpiride or fluvoxamine in major depression. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2002;35(5):175‐81. - PubMed
Zohar 2003 {published data only}
    1. Bnnter M, Barrelet L. Severe depression: Fluvoxamine vs clomipramine. XXIst Collegium Internationale Neuro psychopharmacologicum. Glasgow, Scotland, 1998.
    1. Katz IR. Drug treatment of depression in the frail elderly, discussion of the NIH consensus development conference on the diagnosis and treatment of depression late‐life. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1993;29:101. - PubMed
    1. Berg J, Vekens Cl. Fluvoxamine is as effective as clomipramine in severe depression. 151st Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1998.
    1. Wagner W, Zaborney BA, Gray TE. Fluvoxamine. A review of its safety profile in world‐wide studies. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1994;9:222. - PubMed
    1. Zohar J, Keegstra H, Barrelet L. Fluvoxamine as effective as clomipramine against symptoms of severe depression: results from a multicentre, double‐blind study. Human Psychopharmacology 2003;18(2):113‐9. - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Baischer 1991 {published data only}
    1. Baicsher W, Schonbeck G, Chaunhry HR, Aschauer H, Berger P, Dezwaan M. Clinical use of fluvoxamine in selected outpatients with depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. Pakistan Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1991;3:143‐50.
Belliini 1992 {published data only}
    1. Bellini L, Gatti F, Macciardi F, Lucca A, Della Maggiore P, Gasperini M, Smeraldi E. A standardized treatment for delusional depression: Preliminary results. Clinical Neuropharmacology 1992;15(1 Pt B):413.
Blier 1997 {published data only}
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Davis 1991 {published data only}
    1. Davis BA, Boulton AA, Yu PH, Durden DA, Bowen RC, Keegan DL, Blackshaw S, D'Arcy C, Remillard AJ, Dayal N, Shrikhande S, Saleh S. Deuterium‐labelled p‐tyramine challenge test and phenolsulfotransferase activity in depressed patients‐ Failure to replicate decreased p‐tyramine conjugation in depression. Progress in Neuro‐psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 1991;15(2):241‐7. - PubMed
de Jonghe 1991 {published data only}
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de Kemp 2002 {published data only}
    1. Kemp EC, Moleman P, Hoogduin CA, Broekman TG, Goedhart A, Schaap CP, Berg PC. Diagnosis at the first episode to differentiate antidepressant treatment responses in patients with mood and anxiety disorders. Psychopharmacology 2002;160(1):67‐73. - PubMed
de Wilde 1982 {published data only}
    1. Wilde JEM, Doogan DP. Fluvoxamine and chlorimipramine in endogenous depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 1982;4(3):249‐59. - PubMed
Emrich 1987 {published data only}
    1. Emrich HM, Berger M, Riemann D, Zerssen D. Serotonin reuptake inhibition vs norepinephrine reuptake inhibition: a double‐blind differential‐therapeutic study with fluvoxamine and oxaprotiline in endogenous and neurotic depressives. Pharmacopsychiatry 1987;20(2):60‐3. - PubMed
Entsuah 2002a {published data only}
    1. Entsuah R, Shaffer M, Zhang J. A critical examination of the sensitivity of unidimensional subscales derived from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale to antidepressant drug effects. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2002;36(6):437‐48. - PubMed
Franchini 1997 {published data only}
    1. Franchini L, Gasperini M, Zanardi R, Smeraldi E. Four‐year follow‐up study of sertraline and fluvoxamine in long‐term treatment of unipolar subjects with high recurrence rate. Journal of Affective Disorders 1997;58(3):233‐6. - PubMed
Gasperini 1992 {published data only}
    1. Gasperini M, Gatti F, Bellini L, Anniverno R, Smeraldi E. Perspectives in clinical psychopharmacology of amitriptyline and fluvoxamine A double‐blind study in depressed inpatients. Neuropsychobiology 1992;26(4):186‐92. - PubMed
Gonella 1990 {published data only}
    1. Gonella G, Baignoli G, Ecari U. Fluvoxamine and imipramine in the treatment of depressive patients: a double‐blind controlled study. Current Medical Research and Opinion 1990;12(3):177‐84. - PubMed
Goto 2006 {published data only}
    1. Goto F, Araki Y, Saito A, Kunihiro T, Ogawa K. Treatment of anxiety and depression‐related vertigo and dizziness with SSRIs and SNRIs. Equilibrium Research 2006;65(1):17‐23.
Guelfi 1983 {published data only}
    1. Guelfi JD, Dreyfus JF, Pichot P. A double‐blind controlled clinical trial comparing fluvoxamine with imipramine. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1983;15(Suppl 3):411‐7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Guelfi JD, Dreyfus JF, Pichot P. Fluvoxamine and imipramine: results of a long‐term controlled trial. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1987;2(2):103‐9. - PubMed
Harris 1991b {published data only}
    1. Harris B, Ashford J. Maintenance antidepressants and weight gain: A comparison of fluvoxamine and amitriptyline. British Journal of Clinical Research 1991;2:81‐8.
Hewer 1994 {published data only}
    1. Hewer W, Rost W, Gattaz WF. Cardiovascular effects of fluvoxamine and maprotiline in depressed patients. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 1995;246(1):1‐6. - PubMed
    1. Hewer W, Rost W, Gattaz WF. Effects of fluvoxamine and maprotiline on ECG parameters. Nervenheilkunde 1994;13(8):375‐80.
Hochberg 1995 {published data only}
    1. Hochberg HM, Kanter D, Houser VP. Electrocardiographic findings during extended clinical trials of fluvoxamine in depression: one year's experience. Pharmacopsychiatry 1995;28(6):253‐6. - PubMed
Khan 1989 {published data only}
    1. Khan A, Cohen S, Dager S, Avery D, Dunner D. Onset of response in relation to outcome in depressed outpatients with placebo and imipramine. Journal of Affective Disorders 1989;17(1):33‐8. - PubMed
    1. Khan A, Dager SR, Cohen S, Avery DH, Scherzo B, Dunner DL. Chronicity of depressive episode in relation to antidepressant‐placebo response. Neuropsychopharmacology 1991;4(2):125‐30. - PubMed
Klok 1981 {published data only}
    1. Klok CJ, Brouwer GJ, Praag HM, Doogan D. Fluvoxamine and clomipramine in depressed patients: A double blind clinical study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1981;64(1):1‐11. - PubMed
Lara‐Munoz 1996 {published data only}
    1. Lara C, Heinze G, Fuente J. The quality‐of‐life of depressed patients. Xth World Congress of Psychiatry. Madrid, Spain, 1996.
    1. Lara‐Munoz C, Heinze G, Fuente JR. Do the antidepressants have effects on quality‐of‐life independently of their antidepressant actions?. 149th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. New York, NY, 1996.
Manfredonia 1992 {published data only}
    1. Manfredonia MG, Gasperini M, Franchini L, Smeraldi E. Memory impairments in depression. Clinical Neuropharmacology 1992;15(1 Pt B):568.
Muck‐Seler 1991 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Muck‐Seler D, Jakovljevic M, Deanovic Z. Effect of antidepressant treatment on platelet 5‐HT content and relation to therapeutic outcome in unipolar depressive patients. Journal of Affective Disorders 1991;23(3):157‐64. - PubMed
Murasaki 1998b {published data only}
    1. Murasaki M, Mori A, Yamashita I. A late clinical phase ii study of sme3110 (fluvoxamine maleate), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in the treatment of depression and depressive state: an investigation of an optimal dose range using imipramine as a comparator. Rinsyoiyaku (Journal of clinical therapeutics & medicine) 1998;14(5):919‐49.
Namiki 1996 {published data only}
    1. Namiki M, Muto E, Minemoto H. A clinical phase iii study of sme3110 (fluvoxamine maleate) in depressed patients at the department of internal medicine: a double‐blind, comparative study with trazodone hydrochloride. Rinsyoiyaku 1996;12(4):651‐77.
Nicolini 1996 {published data only}
    1. Nicolini H, Herrera K, Pez F, Camarena B, Guajardo R, Fuente JR. Temperament, character, and molecular genotypes as predictors of antidepressant response. XXth Collegium Internationale Neuro psychopharmacologicum. Melbourne, Australia;, 1996.
Nolen 1988 {published data only}
    1. Nolen WA, Putte JJ, Dijken WA, Kamp JS, Blansjaar BA, Kramer HJ, Haffmans J. Treatment strategy in depression I Non‐tricyclic and selective reuptake inhibitors in resistant depression: a double‐blind partial crossover study on the effects of oxaprotiline and fluvoxamine. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1998;78(6):668‐75. - PubMed
Phanjoo 1991 {published data only}
    1. Phanjoo AL, Wonnacott S, Hodgson A. Double‐blind comparative multicentre study of fluvoxamine and mianserin in the treatment of major depressive episode in elderly people. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1991;83(6):476‐9. - PubMed
Poldinger 1991 {published data only}
    1. Poldinger W, Calanchini B, Schwarz W. A functional‐dimensional approach to depression: serotonin deficiency as a target syndrome in a comparison of 5‐hydroxytryptophan and fluvoxamine. Psychopathology 1991;24(2):53‐81. - PubMed
Price 1986 {published data only}
    1. Price LH, Charney DS, Delgado PL, Anderson GM, Heninger GR. Effects of desipramine and fluvoxamine treatment on the prolactin response to tryptophan. Serotonergic function and the mechanism of antidepressant action. Archives of General Psychiatry 1989;46(7):625‐31. - PubMed
    1. Price LH, Charney DS, Heninger GR. Variability of response to lithium augmentation in refractory depression. American Journal of Psychiatry 1986;143(11):1387‐92. - PubMed
Ravindran 1995 {published data only}
    1. Ravindran A, Griffiths J, Waddell C, Anisman H. Stressful life events and coping styles in relation to dysthymia and major depressive disorder: Variations associated with alleviation of symptoms following pharmacotherapy. Progress in Neuro‐Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 1995;19(4):637‐53. - PubMed
Sacchetti 1994 {published data only}
    1. Sacchetti E, Conte G, Guarneri L. Are SSRI antidepressants a clinically homogeneous class of compounds?. Lancet 1994;344(8915):126‐7. - PubMed
Sacchetti 1997 {published data only}
    1. Sacchetti E, Conte G, Guarneri L, Calzeroni A, Bertini M, Panariello A. Effectiveness of fluvoxamine and paroxetine in major depressives with psychotic features. Human Psychopharmacology 1997;12:277‐8.
Schanda 1979 {published data only}
    1. Schanda H, Saletu B. Repolarisation disturbances in the ECG under antidepressant drugs. A comparison of two drugs, differing in chemical structure and pharmacological profile. Pharmakopsychiatrie, Neuro‐Psychopharmakologie 1979;12(4):338‐45. - PubMed
Serretti 2004 {published data only}
    1. Serretti A, Cusin C, Rossini D, Artioli P, Dotoli D, Zanardi R. Further evidence of a combined effect of SERTPR and TPH on SSRIs response in mood disorders. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics 2004;129(1):36‐40. - PubMed
Sheline 1997 {published data only}
    1. Sheline YI, Bardgett ME, Csernansky JG. Correlated reductions in cerebrospinal fluid 5‐HIAA and MHPG concentrations after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1997;17(1):11‐4. - PubMed
    1. Uzunova V, Sheline Y, Davis JM, Rasmusson A, Uzunov DP, Costa E, Guidotti A. Increase in the cerebrospinal fluid content of neurosteroids in patients with unipolar major depression who are receiving fluoxetine or fluvoxamine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998;95(6):3239‐44. - PMC - PubMed
Vandel 1995 {published data only}
    1. Vandel S, Bertschy G, Baumann P, Bouquet S, Bonin B, Francois T, Sechter D, Bizouard P. Fluvoxamine and fluoxetine: Interaction studies with amitriptyline, clomipramine and neuroleptics in phenotyped patients. Pharmacological Research 1995;31(6):347‐53. - PubMed
van den Broek 2004 {published data only}
    1. Birkenhager TK, W.W. vdB, Mulder PG, Bruijn J, Moleman P. Comparison of two‐phase treatment with imipramine or fluvoxamine, both followed by lithium addition, in inpatients with major depressive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 2004;161(11):2060‐5. - PubMed
    1. Broek WW, Birkenhager TK, Mulder PG, Bruijn JA, Moleman P. A double‐blind randomized study comparing imipramine with fluvoxamine in depressed inpatients. Psychopharmacology 2004;175(4):481‐6. - PubMed
White 1990 {published data only}
    1. White K, Wykoff W, Tynes L, Schneider L, Zemansky M. Fluvoxamine in the treatment of tricyclic‐resistant depression. Psychiatric Journal of the University of Ottawa 1990;15(3):156‐8. - PubMed
Yu 2001 {published data only}
    1. Yu G, Liang S, Wu F. A comparative study of Luvox and amitriptyline in patients with major depression. Medical Journal of Chinese Civil Administration 2001;13(4):227‐8.
Zanardi 2000 {published data only}
    1. Zanardi R, Franchini L, Serretti A, Perez J, Smeraldi E. Venlafaxine versus fluvoxamine in the treatment of delusional depression: a pilot double‐blind controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2000;61(1):26‐9. - PubMed

References to studies awaiting assessment

Berlin 1998 {published data only}
    1. Berlin I, Lavergne F. Early predictors of two month response with mianserin and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and influence of definition of outcome on prediction. European Psychiatry 1998;13(3):138‐42. - PubMed
Coleman 1981a {published data only}
    1. Coleman BS, Doogan DP. Medical report on a double‐blind comparative study of fluvoxamine and chlorimipramine in institutionalized patients with bipolar and unipolar depression. Unpublished 1981.
Coleman 1981b {published data only}
    1. Coleman B, Block B. A double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized comparative study of fluvoxamine and imipramine in out‐patients with primary depression. Unpublished 1981. - PMC - PubMed
Coleman 1983 {published data only}
    1. Coleman BS, Block BA, Vause, EW. A double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized multicenter comparison of fluvoxamine and imipramine in patients with primary depression. Unpublished 1983. - PMC - PubMed
Donovan 1993 {published data only}
    1. Donovan S. The efficacy and tolerability of dothiepin versus serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of depression. European Neuropsychopharmacology 1993;3(3):331‐332.
Doogan 1981 {unpublished data only}
    1. Doogan DP, Beek AA. Fluvoxamine (DU23000) and chlorimipramine (Anafranil) in hospitalized patients with depressive syndromes. A double‐blind, randomized, comparative clinical study. Unpublished 1981.
Entsuah 2002b {published data only}
    1. Entsuah R, Kelsey J. Venlafaxine offers significant therapeutic benefits over existing SSRI treatments irrespective of the patient's depressive duration. European Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;12 Suppl 3:S238.
Faludi 1989 {published data only}
    1. Faludi G, Magyar I, Antalics E, Mod L. Fluvoxamine versus maprotiline (Ludiomil) in the treatment of depression. IDeggyogyaszati Szemle 1989;46:116‐22.
Mallick 2003 {published data only}
    1. Mallick R, Chen J, Entsuah AR, Schatzberg AF. Depression‐free days as a summary measure of the temporal pattern of response and remission in the treatment of major depression: a comparison of venlafaxine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and placebo. Journal of clinical psychiatry 2003;64(3):321‐30. - PubMed
Naito 2007 {published data only}
    1. Naito S, Sato K, Yoshida K, Higuchi H, Takahashi H, Kamata M. Gender differences in the clinical effects of fluvoxamine and milnacipran in Japanese major depressive patients. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2007;61(4):421‐27. - PubMed
Ushiroyama 2004 {published data only}
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van Beek 1981 {published data only}
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