Meta-Analysis
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006654.pub2.
Olanzapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia
Affiliations
- PMID: 20238348
- PMCID: PMC4169107
- DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006654.pub2
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Meta-Analysis
Olanzapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia
Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
.
Abstract
Background: In many countries of the industrialised world second generation ("atypical") antipsychotics have become the first line drug treatment for people with schizophrenia. The question as to whether, and if so how much, the effects of the various second generation antipsychotics differ is a matter of debate. In this review we examined how the efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine differs from that of other second generation antipsychotics.
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of olanzapine compared to other atypical antipsychotics for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychosis.
Search strategy: 1. Electronic searching We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (April 2007) which is based on regular searches of BIOSIS, CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO.2. Reference searching We inspected the reference of all identified studies for more trials.3. Personal contact We contacted the first author of each included study for missing information.4. Drug companies We contacted the manufacturers of all atypical antipsychotics included for additional data.
Selection criteria: We included all randomised trials that used at least single-blind (rater-blind) design, comparing oral olanzapine with oral forms of amisulpride, aripiprazole, clozapine, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, ziprasidone or zotepine in people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychosis.
Data collection and analysis: We extracted data independently. For dichotomous data we calculated relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) on an intention-to-treat basis based on a random effects model. We calculated numbers needed to treat/harm (NNT/NNH) where appropriate. For continuous data, we calculated weighted mean differences (WMD) again based on a random effects model.
Main results: The review currently includes 50 studies and 9476 participants which provided data for six comparisons (olanzapine compared to amisulpride, aripiprazole, clozapine, quetiapine, risperidone or ziprasidone). The overall attrition from the included studies was considerable (49.2%) leaving the interpretation of results problematic.Olanzapine improved the general mental state (PANSS total score) more than aripiprazole (2 RCTs, n=794, WMD -4.96 CI -8.06 to -1.85), quetiapine (10 RCTs, n=1449, WMD -3.66 CI -5.39 to -1.93), risperidone (15 RCTs, n=2390, WMD -1.94 CI -3.31 to -0.58) and ziprasidone (4 RCTs, n=1291, WMD -8.32 CI -10.99 to -5.64), but not more than amisulpride or clozapine. This somewhat better efficacy was confirmed by fewer participants in the olanzapine groups leaving the studies early due to inefficacy of treatment compared to quetiapine (8 RCTs, n=1563, RR 0.56 CI 0.44 to 0.70, NNT 11 CI 6 to 50), risperidone (14 RCTs, n=2744, RR 0.78 CI 0.62 to 0.98, NNT 50 CI 17 to 100) and ziprasidone (5 RCTs, n=1937, RR 0.64 CI 0.51 to 0.79, NNT 17, CI 11 to 33).Fewer participants in the olanzapine group than in the quetiapine (2 RCTs, n=876, RR 0.56 CI 0.41 to 0.77, NNT 11 CI 7 to 25) and ziprasidone (2 RCTs, n=766, RR 0.65 CI 0.45 to 0.93, NNT 17 CI 9 to 100) treatment groups, but not in the clozapine group (1 RCT, n=980, RR 1.28 CI 1.02 to 1.61, NNH not estimable), had to be re-hospitalised in the trials.Except for clozapine, all comparators induced less weight gain than olanzapine (olanzapine compared to amisulpride: 3 RCTs, n=671, WMD 2.11kg CI 1.29kg to 2.94kg; aripiprazole: 1 RCT, n=90, WMD 5.60kg CI 2.15kg to 9.05kg; quetiapine: 7 RCTs, n=1173, WMD 2.68kg CI 1.10kg to 4.26kg; risperidone: 13 RCTs, n=2116, WMD 2.61kg CI 1.48kg to 3.74kg; ziprasidone: 5 RCTs, n=1659, WMD 3.82kg CI 2.96kg to 4.69kg). Associated problems such as glucose and cholesterol increase were usually also more frequent in the olanzapine group.Other differences in adverse effects were less well documented. Nevertheless, olanzapine may be associated with slightly more extrapyramidal side effects than quetiapine (use of antiparkinson medication (6 RCTs, n=1090, RR 2.05 CI 1.26 to 3.32, NNH 25 CI 14 to 100), but less than risperidone (use of antiparkinson medication 13 RCTs, n=2599, RR 0.78 CI 0.65 to 0.95, NNH 17 CI 9 to 100) and ziprasidone (use of antiparkinson medication 4 RCTs, n=1732, RR 0.70 CI 0.50 to 0.97, NNH not estimable). It may also increase prolactin somewhat more than aripiprazole, clozapine and quetiapine, but clearly less so than risperidone (6 RCTs, n=1291, WMD -22.84 CI -27.98 to -17.69).
Authors' conclusions: Olanzapine may be a somewhat more efficacious drug than some other second generation antipsychotic drugs. This small superiority in efficacy needs to be weighed against a larger weight gain and associated metabolic problems than most other second generation antipsychotic drugs, except clozapine. These conclusions are tentative due to the large number of people leaving the studies early which possibly limits the validity of the findings. Further large, well-designed trials are necessary to establish the relative effects of different second generation antipsychotic drugs.
Conflict of interest statement
Katja Komossa: none. Stefan Leucht received speaker/consultancy honoria from Sanofi‐Aventis, BMS, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Lundbeck and Pfizer. He received research support from Sanofi‐Aventis and Eli Lilly. Christine Rummel received lecture honoraria and travel grants to attend scientific meetings from AstraZeneca, Janssen‐Cilag, Eli Lilly and Pfizer. Werner Kissling: received speaker or consultancy honoraria from SanofiAventis, BMS, Lilly, Janssen, Lundbeck, Bayer and Pfizer. Heike Hunger: none. Franziska Schmidt: none Sandra Schwarz: none. Lorna Duggan: has attended functions sponsored by Lundbeck, Janssen, Pfizer, Bristol Myers Squibb and Zeneca and has accepted sponsorship from Eli Lilly for internal flights in the United States.
Figures
Methodological quality graph: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item presented as percentages across all included studies.
Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 1 Global state: 1a. No clinically significant response (as defined by the original studies).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 2 Global State: 1b. No clinically important change (as defined by the original studies).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 3 Global State: 1c. Relapse ‐ medium term (as defined by the original studies).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 4 Leaving the study early.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 5 Mental State: 1a. General ‐ no clinically important change ‐ short term (less than 50% PANSS total score reduction).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 6 Mental State: 1b. General ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS total, high=poor).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 7 Mental State: 1c. General ‐ no clinically important change ‐ medium term (less than 50% BPRS total score reduction).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 8 Mental State: 1d. General ‐ average endpoint score (BPRS total, high=poor).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 9 Mental State: 2a. Positive symptoms ‐ no clinically important change ‐ short term (less than 50% PANSS positive subscore reduction).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 10 Mental State: 2b. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS positive, high=poor).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 11 Mental State: 3a. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS negative, high=poor).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 12 Mental State: 3b. Negative symptoms ‐ no clinically important change ‐ medium term (less than 20% SANS total plus 10% PANSS total reduction).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 13 Mental State: 3c. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (SANS total, high=poor).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 14 General functioning: General ‐ average endpoint score ‐ medium term (SOFAS total ‐ percent change, high=poor).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 15 Quality of Life: General ‐ average endpoint score ‐ medium term (QLS total, high=poor).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 16 Cognitive Functioning: 1a. General ‐ no clinically important change ‐ short term (less than 50% Global Cognitive Index reduction).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 17 Cognitive Functioning: 1b. General ‐ average endpoint score ‐ short term (global cognitive index, high=poor).
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 18 Adverse effects: 1. General ‐ at least one adverse effect.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 19 Adverse effects: 2. Death.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 20 Adverse effects: 3a. Cardiac effects ‐ QTc interval of >500 ms.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 21 Adverse effects: 3b. Cardiac effects ‐ QTc abnormalities ‐ change from baseline in ms.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 22 Adverse effects: 4a. Central nervous system ‐ sedation.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 23 Adverse effects: 4b. Central nervous system ‐ seizures.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 24 Adverse effects: 5a. Extrapyramidal effects.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 25 Adverse effects: 5b. Extrapyramidal side effects‐ scale measured.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 26 Adverse effects: 6. Haematological ‐ white blood cell count ‐ leukopenia.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 27 Adverse effects: 7. Prolactin associated side effects.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 28 Adverse effects: 8a. Metabolic ‐ cholesterol ‐ change from baseline in mg/dl.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 29 Adverse effects: 8b. Metabolic ‐ glucose ‐ diabetes mellitus.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 30 Adverse effects: 8c. Metabolic ‐ glucose ‐ change from baseline in mg/dl.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 31 Adverse effects: 8d. Metabolic ‐ weight gain.
Comparison 1 OLANZAPINE versus AMISULPRIDE, Outcome 32 Adverse effects: 8e. Metabolic ‐ weight gain ‐ change from baseline in kg.
Comparison 2 OLANZAPINE versus ARIPIPRAZOLE, Outcome 1 Global state: 1a. No clinically significant response (as defined by the original studies).
Comparison 2 OLANZAPINE versus ARIPIPRAZOLE, Outcome 2 Global State: 1b. No clinically important change (as defined by the original studies).
Comparison 2 OLANZAPINE versus ARIPIPRAZOLE, Outcome 3 Leaving the study early.
Comparison 2 OLANZAPINE versus ARIPIPRAZOLE, Outcome 4 Mental State: General ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS total, high=poor).
Comparison 2 OLANZAPINE versus ARIPIPRAZOLE, Outcome 5 Adverse effects: 1a. Cardiac effects ‐ QTc prolongation.
Comparison 2 OLANZAPINE versus ARIPIPRAZOLE, Outcome 6 Adverse effects: 1b. Cardiac effects ‐ QTc abnormalities ‐ change from baseline in ms.
Comparison 2 OLANZAPINE versus ARIPIPRAZOLE, Outcome 7 Adverse effects: 2. Central nervous system ‐ sedation.
Comparison 2 OLANZAPINE versus ARIPIPRAZOLE, Outcome 8 Adverse effects: 3. Extrapyramidal effects.
Comparison 2 OLANZAPINE versus ARIPIPRAZOLE, Outcome 9 Adverse effects: 4. Prolactin associated side effects ‐ abnormally high prolactin value.
Comparison 2 OLANZAPINE versus ARIPIPRAZOLE, Outcome 10 Adverse effects: 5a. Metabolic ‐ cholesterol ‐ significant cholesterol increase.
Comparison 2 OLANZAPINE versus ARIPIPRAZOLE, Outcome 11 Adverse effects: 5b. Metabolic ‐ cholesterol ‐ change from baseline in mg/dl.
Comparison 2 OLANZAPINE versus ARIPIPRAZOLE, Outcome 12 Adverse effects: 5c. Metabolic ‐ glucose ‐ change from baseline in mg/dl.
Comparison 2 OLANZAPINE versus ARIPIPRAZOLE, Outcome 13 Adverse effects: 5d. Metabolic ‐ weight gain of 7% or more of total body weight.
Comparison 2 OLANZAPINE versus ARIPIPRAZOLE, Outcome 14 Adverse effects: 5e. Metabolic ‐ weight gain ‐ change from baseline in kg.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 1 Global state: 1a. no clinically significant response (as defined by the original studies).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 2 Global State: no clinically important change (as defined by the original studies).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 3 Leaving the study early.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 4 Mental State: 1a. General ‐ no clinically important change ‐ medium term (less than 50% PANSS total score reduction).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 5 Mental State: 1b. General ‐ no clinically important change ‐ short term (less than 50% BPRS total score reduction).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 6 Mental State: 1c. General ‐ no clinically important change ‐ short term (less than 20% BPRS total score reduction).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 7 Mental State: 1d. General ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS total, high=poor).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 8 Mental State: 1e. General ‐ average endpoint score (BPRS total, high=poor).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 9 Mental State: 2a. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS positive, high=poor).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 10 Mental State: 2b. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (BPRS positive, high=poor).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 11 Mental State: 2c. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (SAPS total, high=poor).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 12 Mental State: 3a. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS negative, high=poor).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 13 Mental State: 3b. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (BPRS negative, high=poor).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 14 Mental State: 3c. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (SANS total, high=poor).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 15 Quality of Life: General ‐ average endpoint score ‐ medium term (SWN total, high=poor).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 16 Cognitive functioning: 1a. General ‐ no clinically important change ‐ medium term (less than ½ SD in global neurocognitive score improved).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 17 Cognitive functioning: 1b. General ‐ average endpoint score ‐ medium term (global neurocognitive score, high=poor).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 18 Service use: Number of patients re‐hospitalised ‐ long term.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 19 Adverse effects: 1. General ‐ at least one adverse effect.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 20 Adverse effects: 2. Death.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 21 Adverse effects: 3. Cardiac effects.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 22 Adverse effects: 4a. Central nervous system ‐ sedation.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 23 Adverse effects: 4b. Central nervous system ‐ seizures.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 24 Adverse effects: 5a. Extrapyramidal effects.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 25 Adverse effects: 5b. Extrapyramidal effects ‐ scale measured.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 26 Adverse effects: 6. Haematological ‐ significant low white blood cell count (as def. by the original studies).
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 27 Adverse effects: 7. Prolactin ‐ change from baseline in ng/ml.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 28 Adverse effects: 8a. Metabolic ‐ cholesterol ‐ significant cholesterol increase.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 29 Adverse effects: 8b. Metabolic ‐ cholesterol ‐ change from baseline in mg/dl.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 30 Adverse effects: 8c. Metabolic ‐ glucose ‐ diabetes mellitus.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 31 Adverse effects: 8d. Metabolic ‐ glucose ‐ change from baseline in mg/dl.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 32 Adverse effects: 8e. Metabolic ‐ weight gain.
Comparison 3 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE, Outcome 33 Adverse effects: 8f. Metabolic ‐ weight gain ‐ change from baseline in kg.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 1 Global state: 1a. No clinically significant response (as defined by the original studies).
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 2 Global state: 1b. No clinically important change (as defined by the original studies).
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 3 Leaving the study early.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 4 Mental state: 1a. General ‐ no clinically important change ‐ short term (less than 50% PANSS total score reduction).
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 5 Mental state: 1b. General ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS total, high=poor).
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 6 Mental state: 2a. Positive symptoms ‐ no clinically important change‐short term (less than 20% SAPS total score reduction).
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 7 Mental state: 2b. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS positive subscore, high=poor).
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 8 Mental state: 2c. Positive symptoms ‐ SAPS total score ‐ percent change‐short term (high=poor).
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 9 Mental state: 3a. Negative symptoms ‐ no clinically important change‐short term (less than 20% SANS total score reduction).
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 10 Mental state: 3b. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS negative subscore, high=poor).
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 11 Mental state: 3c. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score‐medium term (SANS total score, high=poor).
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 12 Mental state: 3d. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score‐short term (SANS total score‐ percent change, high=poor).
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 13 General functioning: average endpoint score‐medium term (GAF total score, high=poor).
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 14 Quality of life: General ‐ average endpoint score‐medium term (QLS total score, high=poor).
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 15 Service use ‐ number of patients re‐hospitalised.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 16 Adverse effects: 1. General ‐ at least one adverse effect.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 17 Adverse effects: 2. Death.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 18 Adverse effects: 3a. Cardiac effects ‐ QTc prolongation.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 19 Adverse effects: 3b. Cardiac effects ‐ QTc abnormalities ‐ change from baseline in ms.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 20 Adverse effects: 4a. Central nervous system ‐ sedation.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 21 Adverse effects: 4b. Central nervous system ‐ seizures.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 22 Adverse effects: 5a. Extrapyramidal effects.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 23 Adverse effects: 5b. Extrapyramidal effects ‐ scale measured.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 24 Adverse effects: 6a. Prolactin associated side effects.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 25 Adverse effects: 6b. Prolactin ‐ change from baseline in ng/ml.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 26 Adverse effects: 7a. Metabolic ‐ cholesterol ‐ significant cholesterol increase.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 27 Adverse effects: 7b. Metabolic ‐ cholesterol ‐ change from baseline in mg/dl.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 28 Adverse effects: 7c. Metabolic ‐ glucose ‐ abnormally high fasting glucose value.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 29 Adverse effects: 7d. Metabolic ‐ glucose ‐ change from baseline in mg/dl.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 30 Adverse effects: 7e. Metabolic ‐ weight gain.
Comparison 4 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE, Outcome 31 Adverse effects: 7f. Metabolic ‐ weight gain ‐ change from baseline in kg.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 1 Global state: 1a. No clinically significant response (as defined by the original studies).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 2 Global state: 1b. No clinically important change (as defined by the original studies).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 3 Global state: 1c. Relapse (as defined by the original studies).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 4 Leaving the study early.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 5 Mental state: 1a. General ‐ no clinically important change (less than 50% PANSS total score reduction).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 6 Mental state: 1b. General ‐ no clinically important change ‐ short term (less than 20% PANSS total score reduction).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 7 Mental state: 1c. General ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS total, high=poor).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 8 Mental state: 1d. General ‐ average endpoint score (BPRS total score, high=poor).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 9 Mental state: 2a. Positive symptoms ‐ no clinically important change ‐ short term (less than 50% PANSS positive subscore reduction).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 10 Mental state: 2b. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS positive, high=poor).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 11 Mental state: 3a. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS negative, high=poor).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 12 Mental state: 3b. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score ‐ long term (SANS total, high=poor).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 13 Quality of life: General ‐ average endpoint score ‐ long term (QLS total score, high=poor).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 14 Cognitive functioning: 1a.General ‐ no clinically important change ‐ medium term (less than ½ SD in Global Neurocognitive Score improved).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 15 Cognitive functioning: 1b. General ‐ average endpoint score ‐ medium term (global neurocognitive score, high=poor).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 16 Cognitive functioning: 1c. General ‐ average endpoint score ‐ long term (neurocognitive composite score, high=poor).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 17 Service use ‐ number of patients re‐hospitalised.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 18 Adverse effects: 1. General ‐ at least one adverse effect.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 19 Adverse effects: 2. Death.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 20 Adverse effects: 3a. Cardiac effects.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 21 Adverse effects: 3b. Cardiac effects ‐ QTc abnormalities ‐ change from baseline in ms.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 22 Adverse effects: 4a. Central nervous system ‐ sedation.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 23 Adverse effects: 4b. Central nervous system ‐ seizures.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 24 Adverse effects: 5a. Extrapyramidal effects.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 25 Adverse effects: 5b. Extrapyramidal effects ‐ scale measured.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 26 Adverse effects: 6. Haematological: white blood cells ‐ significant low white blood cell count (as def. by the original studies).
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 27 Adverse effects: 7a. Prolactin associated side effects.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 28 Adverse effects: 7b. Prolactin ‐ change from baseline in ng/ml.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 29 Adverse effects: 8a. Metabolic ‐ cholesterol ‐ significant cholesterol increase.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 30 Adverse effects: 8b. Metabolic ‐ cholesterol ‐ change from baseline in mg/dl.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 31 Adverse effects: 8c. Metabolic ‐ glucose ‐ abnormally high fasting glucose value.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 32 Adverse effects: 8d. Metabolic ‐ glucose ‐ change from baseline in mg/dl.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 33 Adverse effects: 8e. Metabolic ‐ weight gain.
Comparison 5 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE, Outcome 34 Adverse effects: 8f. Metabolic ‐ weight gain ‐ change from baseline in kg.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 1 Global state: 1a. General ‐ no clinically significant response (as defined by the original studies).
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 2 Global state: 1b. General ‐ no clinically important change (as defined by the original studies).
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 3 Leaving the study early.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 4 Mental state: 1a. General ‐ no clinically important change ‐ long term (less than 30% PANSS total score reduction).
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 5 Mental state: 1b. General ‐ no clinically important change ‐ short term (less than 40% BPRS total score reduction).
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 6 Mental state: 1c. General ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS total, high=poor).
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 7 Mental state: 1d. General ‐ average endpoint score ‐ short term (BPRS total, high=poor).
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 8 Mental state: 2. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS positive, high=poor).
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 9 Mental state: 3. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS negative, high=poor).
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 10 General functioning: 1a. General ‐ no clinically important change ‐ medium term (less than 5 points improvement on GAF total score).
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 11 General functioning: 1b. General ‐ average endpoint score ‐ medium term (GAF total, high=poor).
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 12 Quality of life: General ‐ average endpoint score ‐ long term (QLS total, Heinrichs‐Carpenter, high=poor).
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 13 Cognitive functioning: General ‐ average endpoint score ‐ long term(PANSS cognitive subscore, high=poor).
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 14 Service use ‐ number of patients re‐hospitalised.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 15 Adverse effects: 1. General ‐ at least one adverse effect.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 16 Adverse effects: 2. Death.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 17 Adverse effects: 3a. Cardiac effects ‐ QTc prolongation.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 18 Adverse effects: 3b. Cardiac effects ‐ QTc abnormalities ‐ change from baseline in ms.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 19 Adverse effects: 4. Central nervous system ‐ sedation.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 20 Adverse effects: 5a. Extrapyramidal effects.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 21 Adverse effects: 5b. Extrapyramidal symptoms scales.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 22 Adverse effects: 6a Prolactin associated side effects.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 23 Adverse effects: 6b. Prolactin ‐ change from baseline in ng/ml.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 24 Adverse effects: 7a. Metabolic ‐ cholesterol ‐ significant cholesterol increase.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 25 Adverse effects: 7b. Metabolic ‐ cholesterol ‐ change from baseline in mg/dl.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 26 Adverse effects: 7c Metabolic ‐ glucose ‐ abnormally high fasting glucose value.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 27 Adverse effects: 7d. Metabolic ‐ glucose ‐ change from baseline in mg/dl.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 28 Adverse effects: 7e. Metabolic ‐ weight gain.
Comparison 6 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE, Outcome 29 Adverse effects: 7f. Metabolic ‐ weight gain ‐ change from baseline in kg.
Comparison 7 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE ‐ sensitivity analysis (skewed data excluded), Outcome 1 Mental state: 1a. General ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS total, high=poor).
Comparison 7 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE ‐ sensitivity analysis (skewed data excluded), Outcome 2 Mental state: 1b. General ‐ average endpoint score(BPRS total, high=poor).
Comparison 7 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE ‐ sensitivity analysis (skewed data excluded), Outcome 3 Mental state: 2a. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score ‐ (PANSS positive, high=poor).
Comparison 7 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE ‐ sensitivity analysis (skewed data excluded), Outcome 4 Mental state: 2b. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score ‐ (BPRS positive, high=poor).
Comparison 7 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE ‐ sensitivity analysis (skewed data excluded), Outcome 5 Mental state: 3a. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (BPRS negative, high=poor).
Comparison 7 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE ‐ sensitivity analysis (skewed data excluded), Outcome 6 Mental state: 6. Negative symptoms ‐ average endpoint score ‐ short term (SANS total, high=poor).
Comparison 7 OLANZAPINE versus CLOZAPINE ‐ sensitivity analysis (skewed data excluded), Outcome 7 Adverse effects: 1. Extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ scale measured.
Comparison 8 OLANZAPINE versus QUETIAPINE ‐ sensitivity analysis (skewed data excluded), Outcome 1 Mental state: 1. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS positive, high=poor).
Comparison 9 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE ‐ sensitivity analysis (skewed data excluded), Outcome 1 Mental state: 1. General ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS total, high=poor).
Comparison 9 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE ‐ sensitivity analysis (skewed data excluded), Outcome 2 Mental state: 2. General ‐ average endpoint score ‐ long term (BPRS total, high=poor).
Comparison 9 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE ‐ sensitivity analysis (skewed data excluded), Outcome 3 Mental state: 3. Positive symptoms ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS positive, high=poor).
Comparison 9 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE ‐ sensitivity analysis (skewed data excluded), Outcome 4 Adverse effects: 1. Extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ scale measured.
Comparison 9 OLANZAPINE versus RISPERIDONE ‐ sensitivity analysis (skewed data excluded), Outcome 5 Adverse effects: 2. Prolactin ‐ change from baseline in ng/ml.
Comparison 10 OLANZAPINE versus ZIPRASIDONE ‐ sensitivity analysis (skewed data excluded), Outcome 1 Mental State: 1. General ‐ average endpoint score (PANSS total, high=poor).
Update of
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Moresco 2004 {published data only}
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Mori 2004 {published data only}
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Mortimer 2004 {published data only}
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Naber 2005 {published data only}
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Ozguven 2004 {published data only}
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Purdon 2000 {published data only}
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- Purdon SE, Jones BD, Stip E, Labelle A, Addington D, David SR, Breier A, Tollefson GD. Neuropsychological change in early phase schizophrenia during 12 months of treatment with olanzapine, risperidone, or haloperidol. The Canadian Collaborative Group for research in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 2000;57(3):249‐58. - PubMed
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Riedel 2007 {published data only}
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Robinson 2006 {published data only}
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Sacchetti 2004 {published data only}
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Shaw 2006 {published data only}
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- Shaw P, Sporn A, Gogtay N, Overman GP, Greenstein D, Gochman P, Tossell JW, Lenane M, Rapoport JL. Childhood‐onset schizophrenia: a double‐blind, randomized clozapine‐olanzapine comparison. Archives of General Psychiatry 2006;63(7):721‐30. - PubMed
Sikich 2004 {published data only}
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Simpson 2004 {published data only}
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- Harvey PD, Bowie C, Loebel AD. Long‐term cognitive improvement: ziprasidone versus olanzapine. Proceedings of the 157th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2004 May 1‐6; New York, New York, USA. 2004.
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- Harvey PD, Bowie CR, Loebel A, Warrington L. Cognitive improvement and neuropsychological normalization with ziprasidone or olanzapine: Results of a 6‐month study. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;14(Suppl 3):S294.
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- Harvey PD, Siu CO, Romano S. Randomized, controlled, double‐blind, multicenter comparison of the cognitive effects of ziprasidone versus olanzapine in acutely ill inpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Psychopharmacology 2004;172(3):324‐32. - PubMed
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- Meyer J, Nasrallah H, Loebel A, Parsons B. Comparative effects of ziprasidone and olanzapine on markers of insulin resistance: results of a 6‐week randomized study in patients with acute schizophrenia. Proceedings of the Collegium Internationale Neuro‐Psychopharmacologium 25th Biennial Congress; 2006 July 9‐13, Chicago, Illinois 2006.
Sirota 2006 {published data only}
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- Sirota P. Quetiapine versus olanzapine for the treatment of negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Proceedings of the 159th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2006 May 20‐25, Toronto, Canada. 2006. - PubMed
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- Sirota P, Tchernichowsky E, Panet I, Koren A. The effectiveness of quetiapine versus olanzapine in improving negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 2004;67(1):170.
Stroup 2006 {published data only}
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- Stroup TS, Lieberman JA, McEvoy JP, Swartz MS, Davis SM, Rosenheck RA, Perkins DO, Keefe RS, Davis CE, Severe J, Hsiao JK. Effectiveness of olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia following discontinuation of a previous atypical antipsychotic. American Journal of Psychiatry 2006;163(4):611‐22. - PubMed
Svestka 2003a {published data only}
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- Svestka J, Synek O, Zourkova A. Olanzapine versus risperidone in first‐episode schizophrenic and schizoform disorders: a double‐blind comparison. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2003;13(4):S291.
Svestka 2003b {published data only}
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- Svestka J, Synek O, Zourkova A. A double‐blind comparison of olanzapine and quetiapine in treatment of acute exacerbations of schizophrenic or schizoaffective disorders. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2003;13(4):S291.
Svestka 2005 {published data only}
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- Svestka J. Comparison of olanzapine versus ziprasidone in acute schizophrenia. Psychiatrie Prague 2005;9:4.
Tollefson 2001 {published data only}
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- Beuzen JN, Birkett M, Kiesler G, Wood A. Olanzapine vs. clozapine in resistant schizophrenic patients ‐ results of an international double‐ blind randomised clinical trial. Proceedings of the 21st Collegium Internationale Neuro‐Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 1998 Jul 12‐16; Glasgow, UK. 1998.
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- Tollefson GD, Birkett MA, Kiesler GM, Wood AJ, Lilly Resistant Schizophrenia Study Group. Double‐blind comparison of olanzapine versus clozapine in schizophrenic patients clinically eligible for treatment with clozapine. Biological Psychiatry 2001;49(1):52‐63. - PubMed
Tran 1997 {published data only}
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- Ahmed S, Zhang F, Walker D, Beglinger L, Earley WR, Tran PV. Olanzapine versus risperidone for treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Proceedings of the 156th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2003 May 17‐22; San Francisco, California, USA. 2003.
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- Feldman PD, Kaiser CJ, Kennedy JS, Sutton VK, Tran PV, Tollefson GD, Zhang F, Breier A. Comparison of risperidone and olanzapine in the control of negative symptoms of chronic schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders in patients aged 50 to 65 years. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2003;64(9):998‐1004. - PubMed
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Van Nimwegen 2006 {published data only}
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- Nimwegen L, Haan L. Early withdrawal in a double‐blind randomized clinical trial with olanzapine and risperidone performed in adolescents with first psychosis. Psychopathology 2006;39(3):158. - PubMed
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- Nimwegen L, Haan L, Beveren N, Laan W, Brink W, Linszen D. Obsessive compulsive symptoms in a randomized double blind. Proceedings of the 13th Biennial Winter Workshop on Schizophrenia; 2006 Feb 6‐10; Davos, Switzerland. 2006.
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- Nimwegen L, Haan L, Beveren N, Laan W, Brink W, Linszen D. Subjective well‐being and craving for cannabis in first psychosis, a randomized double blind comparison of olanzapine versus risperidone. Proceedings of the 13th Biennial Winter Workshop on Schizophrenia; 2006 Feb 6‐10; Davos, Switzerland. 2006.
Vanelle 2006 {published data only}
-
- Vanelle JM, Douki S. A double‐blind randomised comparative trial of amisulpride versus olanzapine for 2 months in the treatment of subjects with schizophrenia and comorbid depression. European Psychiatry 2006;21:523‐30. - PubMed
-
- Vanelle JM, Douki S. Metabolic control in patients with comorbid schizophrenia and depression treated with amisulpride or olanzapine. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;14(Suppl 3):S284.
Volavka 2002 {published data only}
-
- Bilder RM, Goldman RS, Volavka J, Czobor P, Hoptman M, Sheitman B, Lindenmayer JP, Citrome L, McEvoy J, Kunz M, Chakos M, Cooper TB, Horowitz TL, Lieberman JA. Neurocognitive effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 2002;159(6):1018‐28. - PubMed
-
- Citrome L, Volavka J, Czobor P, Sheitman B, Lindenmayer J‐P, McEvoy J, Cooper TB, Chakos M, Lieberman JA. Effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol on hostility among patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services 2001;52(11):1510‐4. - PubMed
-
- Czobor P, Volavka J, Sheitman B, Lindenmayer JP, Citrome L, McEvoy JP, Cooper TB, Chakos M, Lieberman JA. Antipsychotic‐induced weight gain and therapeutic response: A differential association. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2002;22(3):244‐51. - PubMed
-
- Lindenmayer JP, Czobor P, Volavka J, Citrome L, Sheitman B, McEvoy JP, Cooper TB, Chakos M, Lieberman JA. Changes in glucose and cholesterol levels in patients with schizophrenia treated with typical or atypical antipsychotics. American Journal of Psychiatry 2003;160(2):290‐6. - PubMed
-
- Lindenmayer JP, Czobor P, Volavka J, Lieberman JA, Citrome L, Sheitman B, McEvoy JP, Cooper TB, Chakos M. Effects of atypical antipsychotics on the syndromal profile in treatment‐resistant schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2004;65(4):551‐6. - PubMed
Voruganti 2007 {published data only}
-
- Voruganti LP, Awad AG, Parker G, Forrest C, Usmani Y, Fernando MLD, Senthilal S. Cognition, functioning and quality of life in schizophrenia treatment: Results of a one‐year randomized controlled trial of olanzapine and quetiapine. Schizophrenia Research 2007; Vol. 96, issue 1‐3:146‐55. - PubMed
Wagner 2005 {published data only}
-
- Quednow BB, Wagner M, Westheide J, Beckmann K, Bliesener N, Maier W, Kuhn KU. Sensorimotor gating and habituation of the startle response in schizophrenic patients randomly treated with amisulpride or olanzapine. Biological Psychiatry 2006;59(6):536‐45. - PubMed
-
- Wagner M, Quednow BB, Westheide J, Schlaepfer TE, Maier W, Kuhn K‐U. Cognitive improvement in schizophrenic patients does not require a serotonergic mechanism: randomized controlled trial of olanzapine vs amisulpride. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005;30(2):381‐90. - PubMed
Wang 2002 {published data only}
-
- Wang C, Feng Y, Wang L. A double‐blind randomized controlled study of olanzapine and clozapine on treatment of schizophrenia. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry 2002;14(3):143‐5.
Wang 2006 {published data only}
-
- Wang X, Savage R, Borisov A, Rosenberg J, Woolwine B, Tucker M, May R, Feldman J, Nemeroff CB, Miller AH. Efficacy of risperidone versus olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia previously on chronic conventional antipsychotic therapy: a switch study. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2006;40(7):669‐76. - PubMed
Wynn 2007 {published data only}
References to studies excluded from this review
Almond 1999 {published data only}
-
- Almond S, O'Donnell O, McKendrick J. The cost‐analysis of olanzapine compared with haloperidol and risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia in the UK. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;9:S289.
Alvarez 2006 {published data only}
-
- Alvarez E, Ciudad A, Olivares JM, Bousono M, Gomez JC. A randomized, 1‐year follow‐up study of olanzapine and risperidone in the treatment of negative symptoms in outpatients with schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2006;26(3):238‐49. - PubMed
Alvarez‐Jimenez 2006 {published data only}
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- Alvarez‐Jimenez M, Gonzalez‐Blanch C, Vazquez‐Barquero JL, Perez‐Iglesias R, Martinez‐Garcia O, Perez‐Pardal T, Ramirez‐Bonilla ML, Crespo‐Facorro B. Attenuation of antipsychotic‐induced weight gain with early behavioral intervention in drug‐naive first‐episode psychosis patients: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2006;67(8):1253‐60. - PubMed
Antonova 2005 {published data only}
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- Antonova E, Kumari V, Halari R, Zachariah E, Mehrotra R, Kumar A, Sharma T. Superior cognitive efficacy of atypical antipsychotics olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine, as a group, relative to low doses of conventional antipsychotics. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2005;31:474.
Apiquian 2003 {published data only}
-
- Apiquian R, Fresan A, Herrera K, Ulloa RE, Loyzaga C, LaFuente‐Sandoval C, Gutierrez D, Nicolini H. Minimum effective doses of haloperidol for the treatment of first psychotic episode: a comparative study with risperidone and olanzapine. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2003;6(4):403‐8. - PubMed
Aquila 2000 {published data only}
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- Aquila R, Weiden PJ, Kinon BJ, Milton DR, Zygmunt A, Swindle RW, Stauffer VL. Effectiveness of olanzapine upon psychiatric and vocational rehabilitation outcomes. Proceedings of the 153rd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2000 May 13‐18; Chicago, Illinois, USA. 2000.
Ascher‐Svanum 2006 {published data only}
Baloescu 2006 {published data only}
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- Baloescu A, Vasile D, Gheorghe MD, Grigorescu G. Side effects of atypical antipsychotics ‐ prediction factor for compliance. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;16(Suppl 4):S403.
Basson 2001 {published data only}
-
- Basson BR, Kinon BJ, Taylor CC, Szymanski KA, Gilmore JA, Tollefson GD. Factors influencing acute weight change in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine, haloperidol, or risperidone. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2001;62(4):231‐8. - PubMed
Beasley 2001 {published data only}
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- Beasley CM, Berg PH, Dananberg J, Kwong KC, Taylor CCM, Breier A. Treatment‐emergent potential impaired glucose tolerance and potential diabetes with olanzapine compared to other antipsychotic agents and placebo. Biological Psychiatry 2001;49(8):121S.
Beasley 2003a {published data only}
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- Beasley CM, Sowell MO, Carlson C, Mukhopadhyay N, Dananberg J, Henry R, Breier A, Cavazzoni P. Prospective evaluation of insulin sensitivity by the hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp in healthy volunteers treated with olanzapine, risperidone or placebo. Schizophrenia Research 2003;60(1):309. - PubMed
Beasley 2003b {published data only}
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- Beasley CM, Sutton VK, Hamilton SH, Walker DJ, Dossenbach M, Taylor CC, Alaka KJ, Bykowski D, Tollefson GD. A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of olanzapine in the prevention of psychotic relapse. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2003;23(6):582‐94. - PubMed
Bera 2001 {published data only}
-
- Bera RB. A comparison of patient satisfaction between seroquel, olanzapine and risperidal. Schizophrenia Research 2001;49(1, 2):220.
Beuzen 2005 {published data only}
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- Beuzen J‐N, Pans M, Modell S, Hagens P, McQuade R, Iwamoto T, Carson W. Naturalistic study of aripiprazole treatment. Proceedings of the XIII World Congress of Psychiatry; 2005 10‐15th Sept; Cairo, Egypt. 2005.
Bitter 2005 {published data only}
-
- Bitter I, Basson BR, Dossenbach M. Antipsychotic treatment and sexual functioning in first‐time neuroleptic‐treated schizophrenic patients. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2005;20:19‐21. - PubMed
Blonde 2004 {published data only}
-
- Blonde L, Ray S, Corey‐Lisle PK, Cislo PR, L'Italien G. The risk of new‐onset type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease in chronic schizophrenic patients treated with aripiprazole and olanzapine. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;14(Suppl 3):S275.
Boylan 2004 {published data only}
-
- Boylan LS, Labovitz DL. Unbalanced statistical analysis of combined divalproex and antipsychotic therapy for schizophrenia. Neuropyschopharmacology 2004;29(3):636. - PubMed
Briken 2002 {published data only}
-
- Briken P, Nika E, Moritz S, Haasen C, Perro C, Yagdiran O, Naber D, Krausz M. Effect of zotepine, olanzapine and risperidone on hostility in schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Research 2002;57:311‐13. - PubMed
Cao 2005 {published data only}
-
- Cao D, Xie S‐P, Chen Q‐B, Yuan Y‐G, Fang Q. Characteristics of the sexual disturbance caused by chlorpromazine, risperidone, quetiapine and olanzapine and their associations with the changes of blood glucose and blood lipids in male patients with schizophrenia. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2005;9(36):63‐8.
Casey 2003 {published data only}
-
- Casey D, L'Italien G, Waldeck R, Cislo P, Carson W. Metabolic syndrome comparison between olanzapine, aripiprazole, and placebo. Proceedings of the 156th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2003 May 17–22; San Francisco, California, USA 2003.
Chaudhry 2006 {published data only}
-
- Chaudhry HR, Niaz S, Arshad N, Peracha F, Ayub A, Mufti KA. Comparison of risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine in relation to body weight, serum blood glucose and prolactin levels. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;16(Suppl 4):S241.
Chen 2003 {published data only}
-
- Chen F, Liang L, Zhu XH. A control study of elderly patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine or clozapine. Journal of Clinical Psychological Medicine 2003;13(5):298‐9.
Chen 2005 {published data only}
-
- Chen J, Li Z. A controlled study of olanzapine versus clozapine in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychosomatic Diseases 2005;11(3):217‐8.
Chrzanowski 2006 {published data only}
-
- Chrzanowski WK, Marcus RN, Torbeyns A, Nyilas M, McQuade RD. Effectiveness of long‐term aripiprazole therapy in patients with acutely relapsing or chronic, stable schizophrenia: a 52‐week, open‐label comparison with olanzapine. Psychopharmacology 2006;189(2):259‐66. - PubMed
Citrome 2004 {published data only}
-
- Citrome L, Casey DE, Daniel DG, Wozniak P, Kochan LD, Tracy KA. Adjunctive divalproex and hostility among patients with schizophrenia receiving olanzapine or risperidone. Psychiatric Services 2004;55(3):290‐4. - PubMed
Ciudad 2004 {published data only}
-
- Ciudad A, Álvarez E, Bousoño M, Cuesta M, Gómez JC, Olivares JM. Olanzapine versus risperidone: Results of a one‐year randomized trial in outpatients with schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms. Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Winter Workshop on Schizophrenia; 2004 Feb 7‐14; Davos, Switzerland. 2004.
Conley 1999 {published data only}
-
- Conley J, Goldman RS, Bilder RM, Bates J, Reiter G, Pappadopulos E, Robinson D, Alvir JMA, Liebrman J, Schooler N. A comparison of the neurocognitive effects of treatment with typical and atypical neuroleptics in first‐episode schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 1999;36(1‐3):128.
Cornblatt 2002 {published data only}
-
- Cornblatt B, Kern RS, Carson WH, Ali MW, Luo X, Green M. Neurocognitive effects of aripiprazole versus olanzapine in stable psychosis. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;5(Suppl 1):S185.
Crespo‐Facorro 2006 {published data only}
-
- Crespo‐Facorro B, Perez‐Iglesias R, Ramirez‐Bonilla M, Martinez‐Garcia O, Llorca J, Vazquez‐Barquero JL. A practical clinical trial comparing haloperidol, risperidone, and olanzapine for the acute treatment of first‐episode nonaffective psychosis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2006;67(10):1511‐21. - PubMed
Czekalla 2001 {published data only}
-
- Czekalla J, Beasley CM Jr, Dellva MA, Berg PH, Grundy S. Analysis of the qtc interval during olanzapine treatment of patients with schizophrenia and related psychosis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2001;62(3):191‐8. - PubMed
Dai 2004a {published data only}
-
- Dai J‐P, Zhao Z‐H, Mai G‐Y. Comparative study on the effect of olanzapine and seroquel of schizophrenia. Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science 2004;13(3):291‐93.
Dai 2004b {published data only}
-
- Dai J‐P, Zhao Z‐H, Mai G‐Y. Comparative study on the influence of olanzapine and clozapine on efficacy and quality of life in schizophrenia. Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science 2004;13(4):396‐98.
Dakhale 2005 {published data only}
-
- Dakhale GN, Khanzode SD, Khanzode SS, Saoji A. Supplementation of vitamin C with atypical antipsychotics reduces oxidative stress and improves the outcome of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 2005;182(4):494‐8. - PubMed
David 2000a {published data only}
-
- David SR, Taylor CC, Kinon BJ, Breier A. The effects of olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol on plasma prolactin levels in patients with schizophrenia. Clinical Therapeutics 2000;22(9):1085‐96. - PubMed
David 2000b {published data only}
-
- David SR, Meehan KM, Sutton VK, Taylor CC. Treatment of negative symptoms with olanzapine in comparison with other novel antipsychotic agents. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2000;3(Suppl 1):s140.
De Haan 2002 {published data only}
-
- Haan L, Beuk N, Hoogenboom B, Dingemans P, Linszen D. Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms during treatment with olanzapine and risperidone: a prospective study of 113 patients with recent‐onset schizophrenia or related disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2002;63(2):104‐7. - PubMed
Deng 2000 {published data only}
-
- Deng H, Zheng H, He Z. A comparative trial of olanzapine versus clozapine in the treatment of schizophrenia. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry 2000;12(3):143‐45.
Dossenbach 2005 {published data only}
-
- Dossenbach M, Arango‐Dávila C, Ibarra HS, Landa E, Aguilar J, Caro O, Leadbetter J, Assuncao S. Response and relapse in patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, or haloperidol: 12‐month follow‐up of the Intercontinental Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcomes (IC‐SOHO) study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2005;66:1021‐30. - PubMed
Ertugrul 2006 {published data only}
-
- Ertugrul A, Anil Yagcioglu AE, Woodward ND, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY. Genetic predictors of cognitive function and response to treatment in schizophrenia. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;16(Suppl 4):S406.
Fleischhacker 2005 {published data only}
-
- Fleischhacker WW, Keet IPM, Kahn RS. The European First Episode Schizophrenia Trial (EUFEST): rationale and design of the trial. Schizophrenia Research 2005;78(2‐3):147‐56. - PubMed
García 2006 {published data only}
-
- García MC, Vidal M, Ramos R. Sexual side effects of antipsychoticcs and treatment adherence. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;16(Suppl 4):S378.
Goldberg 2000 {published data only}
-
- Goldberg TE, Dodge M, Aloia M, Egan MF, Weinberger DR. Effects of neuroleptic medications on speech disorganization in schizophrenia: biasing associative networks towards meaning. Psychological Medicine 2000;30(5):1123‐30. - PubMed
Harrigan 2004 {published data only}
-
- Harrigan EP, Miceli JJ, Anziano R, Watsky E, Reeves KR, Cutler NR, Sramek J, Shiovitz T, Middle M. A randomized evaluation of the effects of six antipsychotic agents on QTC, in the absence and presence of metabolic inhibition. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2004;24(1):62‐9. - PubMed
Harrison 2004 {published data only}
-
- Harrison D, Leaderer M, Loebel A, Murray S. Ziprasidone vs. olanzapine: change in coronary heart disease risk during a 6‐week trial. Proceedings of the thematic conference of the World Psychiatric Association on "Treatments in Psychiatry: An Update"; 2004 Nov 10‐13; Florence, Italy. 2004.
Heresco‐Levy 2005 {published data only}
-
- Heresco‐Levy U, Javitt DC, Ebstein R, Vass A, Lichtenberg P, Bar GCS, Ermilov M. D‐serine efficacy as add‐on pharmacotherapy to risperidone and olanzapine for treatment‐refractory schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 2005;57(6):577‐85. - PubMed
Hrdlicka 2001 {published data only}
-
- Hrdlicka M, Rosillon D, Duchesne I. Czech results of the RODOS study: comparison of risperidone and olanzapine from the point of view of efficacy, tolerability and treatment costs [Ceske vysledky studie RODOS: Porovnani risperidonu a olanzapinu z hlediska ucinnosti, snasenlivosti a nakladu lecby]. Ceska A Slovenská Psychiatrie 2001;97(7):343‐9.
Huber 2004 {published data only}
-
- Huber TJ, Borsutzky M, Schneider U, Emrich HM. Psychotic disorders and gonadal function: Evidence supporting the oestrogen hypothesis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2004;109(4):269‐74. - PubMed
Karow 2002 {published data only}
-
- Karow A, Naber D. Subjective well‐being and quality of life under atypical antipsychotic treatment. Psychopharmacology 2002;162:3‐10. - PubMed
Keks 2006 {published data only}
-
- Keks NA, Tonso M, Tabone K, Mchugh M, Thomas R, Tune P, Gelman M. Clinical experience with atypical antipsychotics in an acute inpatient unit: Focus on quetiapine. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice 2006;10(2):1‐4. - PubMed
Kelemen 2006 {published data only}
-
- Kelemen O, Nagy O, Máttyássy A, Kiss I, Janka Z, Kéri S. Do second‐generation antipsychotics disrupt decision‐making abilities in schizophrenia?. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;16(Suppl 4):S430.
Kern 2006 {published data only}
-
- Kern RS, Green MF, Cornblatt B, Owen JR, McQuade RD, Carson WH, Ali M, Marcus R. The neurocognitive effects of aripriprazole: an open‐label comparison with olanzapine. Psychopharmacology 2006;187:312‐20. - PubMed
Kim 2004 {published data only}
-
- Kim JG, Cho DH, Choi HK, Kim HJ, Cho JH, Kang SH, Lee SJ, Lee JG, Kim HT. The comparison of risperidone, olanzapine and quetiapine in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;14(Suppl 3):S245.
Kinon 2001 {published data only}
-
- Kinon BJ, Roychowdhury SM, Milton DR, Hill AL. Effective resolution with olanzapine of acute presentation of behavioral agitation and positive psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2001;62(Suppl 2):17‐21. - PubMed
Kolff 2000 {published data only}
-
- Kolff M, Coenen A, Dis H, Duigemans P. Differential effects of antipsychotic drugs on clinical symptoms and cognitive functions in the treatment of schizophrenia. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2000;10(Suppl 2):S59.
Kores 2003 {published data only}
-
- Kores Plesnicar B, Zalar B, Tomori M, Krajnc I. Measurement of simple reaction time in antipsychotic treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 2003;115(1‐2):58‐62. - PubMed
Kropp 2004 {published data only}
-
- Kropp S, Grohmann R, Hauser U, Rüther E, Degner D. Hyperglycemia associated with antipsychotic treatment in a multicenter drug safety project. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004; Vol. 37, issue 79‐83. - PubMed
Lee 2006 {published data only}
-
- Lee C, Wu K‐H, Habil H, Dyachkova Y, Lee P. Treatment with olanzapine, risperidone or typical antipsychotic drugs in Asian patients with schizophrenia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2006;40(5):437‐45. - PubMed
Lin 2005 {published data only}
-
- Lin Z‐Y, Li F‐Q, Yu Y‐Y, Zhong T‐P. A controlled study of olanzapine and risperidol in the treatment of elderly patients with schizophrenia. Hainan Medical Journal 2005;16(8):37‐8.
Lipkovich 2005 {published data only}
-
- Lipkovich I, Baron D, Houston J, Ahl J, Rotelli M. Flexible‐dose clinical trials: predictors and outcomes of antipsychotic dose adjustments. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2005;25(4):381‐6. - PubMed
Littrell 1999 {published data only}
-
- Littrell KH. Patients switched from depot antipsychotics to oral risperidone or olanzapine: an open‐label randomized trial. Proceedings of the 152nd Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 1999 May 15‐20; Washington DC, USA. 1999.
Liu 2004 {published data only}
-
- Liu W, Li H, Zheng L. A controlled study on olanzapine and clozapine in the treatment of the acute phase of schizophrenia. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry 2004;16(5):282‐84.
Loza 2005 {published data only}
-
- Loza B, Bartyzel M, Matysiewicz W, Mazurek I, Mosiolek A, Opielak G, Varghese S. Hyperprolactinemia during schizophrenia treatment with atypical antipsychotics: oral risperidone, depot risperidone, and oral olanzapine. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2005;15(Suppl 3):S522.
Malla 2004 {published data only}
-
- Malla A, Norman R, Scholten D, Townsend L, Manchanda R, Takhar J, Haricharan R. A comparison of two novel antipsychotics in first episode non‐affective psychosis: one‐year outcome on symptoms, motor side effects and cognition. Psychiatry Research 2004;129:159‐69. - PubMed
Malyarov 1999 {published data only}
-
- Malyarov S, Dzub G. Comparative assessment of the positive and negative symptom dynamics in schizophrenic patients treated with atypical antipsychotics or haloperidol. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;9:S296.
Mazurek 2003 {published data only}
-
- Mazurek I, Loza B, Lecyk A. Atypical versus typical antipsychotic treatment prognosis based on veps and wcst scores in paranoid schizophrenia. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2003;13(4):S347.
Meltzer 2002 {published data only}
-
- Meltzer HY, Gilliam JH, Nasdahl C. Olanzapine causes greater increases in serum lipids than risperidone. Proceedings of the 155th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2002 May 18‐23; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. 2002.
Moritz 2002 {published data only}
-
- Moritz S, Woodward TS, PERSIST Study Group, Krausz M, Naber D. Relationship between neuroleptic dosage and subjective cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenic patients treated with either conventional or atypical neuroleptic medication. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2002;17:41‐44. - PubMed
Mortimer 2002 {published data only}
-
- Mortimer A. Randomised prospective parallel group comparison of clozapine vs olanzapine in the reduction of suicidality in patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder. National Research Register 2002; Vol. 1.
Musil 2006 {published data only}
-
- Musil RL, Spellmann I, Riedel M, Douhet A, Dehning S, Maino K, Zill P, Müller N, Möller HJ, Bondy B. SNAP‐25 gene polymorphisms and weight gain in schizophrenic patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;16(Suppl 4):S415.
Naber 2001 {published data only}
-
- Naber D, Moritz S, Lambert M, Pajonk F, Holzbach R, Mass R, Andresen B. Improvement of schizophrenic patients' subjective well‐being under atypical antipsychotic drugs. Schizophrenia Research 2001;50:79‐88. - PubMed
Naber 2002 {published data only}
-
- Naber D, Karow A, Lambert M. Psychosocial outcomes in patients with schizophrenia: quality of life and reintegration. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2002;15:31‐6.
Newcomer 2006 {published data only}
-
- Newcomer JW, L'Italien G, Vester‐Blockland, McQuade RD, Carson WH, Marcus RN. Improvement of non‐hdl cholesterol levels among patients randomized to aripiprazole versus olanzapine. Proceedings of the 159th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association; 2006 May 20‐25, Toronto, Canada. 2006.
Oliemeulen 2000 {published data only}
-
- Oliemeulen EAP, Hoof JJM, Jogem‐Kosterman BJM, Hulsttijn W, Tuynman‐Qua HG. Is olanzapine a substitute for clozapine? The effects on psychomotor performance. Schizophrenia Research 2000;41(1):187.
Opjordsmoen 2000 {published data only}
-
- Opjordsmoen S, Brunsvik S, Melle I, Dahl A, Friis S, Haahr U, Hustoft K, Johannessen JO, Larsen TK, McGlashan TH, Simonsen E, Vaglum P. A comparison between novel and traditional antipsychotics as first‐line medication in early psychosis. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Early Psychosis; 2000 Mar 31 ‐ Apr 2; New York, New York, USA. 2000.
Ortega‐Soto 1997 {published data only}
-
- Ortega‐Soto H, Apiquian R, Ulloa RE, Salas M, Loyzaga C, Mendizabal A, Brunner E. Olanzapine vs risperidone. A double blind trial in Mexican patients. Proceedings of the Collegium Internationale Neuro‐Psychopharmacologicum Regional Meeting; 1997 Aug 21‐23; Acapulco, Mexico. 1997.
Pan 2006 {published data only}
-
- Pan SM, Zhao LJ. A study of olanzapine and clozapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Zhejiang Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine 2006;16(1):32‐3.
Perro 1999 {published data only}
-
- Perro C, Naber D, Lambert M, Moritz S, Krause M. A prospective clinical comparative‐study of four atypical antipsychotic agents in the treatment of schizophrenia. Proceedings of the 11th World Congress of Psychiatry; 1999 Aug 6‐11; Hamburg, Germany. 1999; Vol. 2:13.
Peuskens 2004 {published data only}
-
- Peuskens J, Deberdt W, Brunt D, Hill A, Liu‐Seifert H, Csernansky J, Buckley P. Medication‐specific correlates of relapse risk in schizophrenia. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;14(Suppl 3):S238.
Rabinowitz 2005 {published data only}
-
- Rabinowitz J. Pattern mixture approach to comparing outcomes ‐ of benefit in guideline development. Proceedings of the 18th European College of Neuropsychopharmacology Congress; 2005 October 22‐26, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 2005.
Ray 2004 {published data only}
-
- Ray S, Corey‐Lisle PK, Cislo PR, L'Italien G, Weiden P. An economic evaluation of aripiprazole compared to olanzapine based on metabolic side‐effect profile. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2004;14(Suppl 3):S279.
Reznik 2004 {published data only}
-
- Reznik I, Slavkin L, Shabash E, Shaked G, Kertzman S, Spivak B, Weizman A, Kotler M. Quetiapine ('Seroquel') and olanzapine for acute treatment of patients with schizophrenia: an open‐label, comparative study. Proceedings of the XXIVth Collegium Internationale Neuro‐Psychopharmacologicum Congress; 2004 June 20–24, Paris, France. France, 2004:1‐4.
Roerig 2004 {published data only}
-
- Roerig JL, Mitchell JE, Zwaan M, Crosby RD, Gosnell BA, Pederson K. A comparison of the effects of olanzapine and risperidone versus placebo on eating behaviors and ghrelin plasma levels in normal human subjects. Proceedings of the thematic conference of the World Psychiatric Association on "Treatments in Psychiatry: An Update"; 2004 Nov 10‐13; Florence, Italy. 2004.
Ryu 2006 {published data only}
-
- Ryu SH, Jang WS, Cho EY, Kim SK, Lee DS, Hong KS. Association of leptin gene polymorphism with antipsychotic drug‐induced weight gain. European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;16(Suppl 4):S419.
Sanchez 2006 {published data only}
-
- Sanchez R, Kostic D, Stock E, Torbeyns AF, Kerselaers W, Nyilas M, McQuade R, Carson WH, Marcus RN. Aripiprazole vs olanzapine in patients with acutely relapsing or chronic, stable schizophrenia: a 52‐week open‐label extension study. Proceedings of the 13th Biennial Winter Workshop on Schizophrenia Research; 2006 February 4‐10, Davos, Switzerland. 2006.
Sharma 2003 {published data only}
-
- Sharma T, Hughes C, Soni W, Kumari V. Cognitive effects of olanzapine and clozapine treatment in chronic schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 2003;169:398‐403. - PubMed
Sowell 2002 {published data only}
-
- Sowell M, Cavazzoni P, Roychowdhury SM, Breier A. Antipsychotics and diabetes: lack of evidence for a causal relationship. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;5(Suppl 1):S170.
Su 2005 {published data only}
-
- Su K‐P, Wu P‐L, Pariante CM. A crossover study on lipid and weight changes associated with olanzapine and risperidone. Psychopharmacology 2005;183(3):383‐6. - PubMed
Swanson 2006 {published data only}
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