Cystic lymphoid hyperplasia of the parotid gland in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients: quantitative immunopathology

Abstract

Background: Benign lymphoepithelial lesions of the parotid include a spectrum of disorders ranging from lymphoepithelial sialadenitis (LESA) of Sjögren syndrome to lymphoepithelial cysts (LEC) and both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related and -unrelated cystic lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH). They share a common microscopic appearance characterized by epimyoepithelial islands and/or epithelial lined cysts in a lymphoid stroma. However, they differ greatly regarding their etiology, clinical presentation, and management.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish specific immunophenotypic profiles for these diverse disease entities.

Study design: Four cases of HIV+ CLH, 5 cases of HIV- CLH, 3 cases of LESA of Sjögren syndrome, and 3 cases of sporadic LEC were quantitatively analyzed for distribution of lymphoreticular cell subpopulations, using antibodies against CD20, CD45RO, CD4, CD8, CD57, and CD68.

Results: The cystic lesions in both the HIV+ and HIV- cases were microscopically analogous. However, a marked decrease in the interfollicular CD4:CD8 ratio was observed in all HIV+ CLH cases, which was statistically significant when compared with the HIV- cases (P = .02) and cases of LESA of Sjögren syndrome (P = .03). No significant differences regarding the distribution of CD20+ B lymphocytes in epithelial cyst lining or the interfollicular or follicular distribution of CD20+, CD45RO+, CD57+, and CD68+ cells were present among the different groups.

Conclusion: Analysis of the interfollicular CD4:CD8 ratio may offer a simple immunophenotypic approach in the distinction of HIV+ from other lymphoepithelial lesions of the parotid gland, when HIV status is unknown and p24 immunohistochemistry is not readily available.