[Hypoxia in cancer malignity. Review]

Abstract

Hypoxia is a common characteristic of solid tumors. It contributes to local and systemic tumor progression, as well as the lack of response to radio and chemotherapy, therefore increasing the probability of tumor recurrence. The HIF-1 transcription factor is the main regulator of tumor adaptation to hypoxia stress, stimulating the expression of many genes that allow cells to survive under these conditions. Products dependent on HIF-1 factor are involved in processes of tumor progression, such as proliferation, glucose metabolism, ph-acidosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. It has become increasingly necessary to gain knowledge on the HIF-1 mechanisms of action, since it is possible to find inhibitors that could be used therapeutically against cancer. In this review, a summary is given on the role that the HIF-1 factor plays in hypoxia, as well as its implications on angiogenesis and metastasis.