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. 2010 Jun:38 Suppl 1:S70-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2009.12.011.

Using a latent variable approach to inform gender and racial/ethnic differences in cocaine dependence: a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network study

Li-Tzy Wu  1 , Jeng-Jong Pan, Dan G Blazer, Betty Tai, Maxine L Stitzer, George E Woody
Affiliations

Using a latent variable approach to inform gender and racial/ethnic differences in cocaine dependence: a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network study

Li-Tzy Wu et al. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2010 Jun.

Abstract

This study applies a latent variable approach to examine gender and racial/ethnic differences in cocaine dependence, to determine the presence of differential item functioning (DIF) or item-response bias to diagnostic questions of cocaine dependence, and to explore the effects of DIF on the predictor analysis of cocaine dependence. The analysis sample included 682 cocaine users enrolled in two national multisite studies of the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN). Participants were recruited from 14 community-based substance abuse treatment programs associated with the CTN, including 6 methadone and 8 outpatient nonmethadone programs. Factor and multiple indicators-multiple causes (MIMIC) procedures evaluated the latent continuum of cocaine dependence and its correlates. MIMIC analysis showed that men exhibited lower odds of cocaine dependence than women (regression coefficient, beta = -0.34), controlling for the effects of DIF, years of cocaine use, addiction treatment history, comorbid drug dependence diagnoses, and treatment setting. There were no racial/ethnic differences in cocaine dependence; however, DIF by race/ethnicity was noted. Within the context of multiple community-based addiction treatment settings, women were more likely than men to exhibit cocaine dependence. Addiction treatment research needs to further evaluate gender-related differences in drug dependence in treatment entry and to investigate how these differences may affect study participation, retention, and treatment response to better serve this population.

Keywords: CTN Data Share; Clinical trials network; Cocaine dependence; Differential item functioning; Multiple indicators–multiple causes model.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest Disclosures: George E. Woody is a member of the RADARS post-marketing study external advisory group whose job is to assess abuse of prescription medications. Denver Health administers RADARS and 9 pharmaceutical companies currently support its work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The MIMIC model of DSM-IV cocaine dependence (N=682).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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