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Comparative Study
. 2010 Jun;31(11):1390-7.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq076. Epub 2010 Mar 21.

Usefulness of exercise-stress echocardiography for risk stratification of true asymptomatic patients with aortic valve stenosis

Sylvestre Maréchaux  1 , Zeineb Hachicha, Annaïk Bellouin, Jean G Dumesnil, Patrick Meimoun, Agnès Pasquet, Sébastien Bergeron, Marie Arsenault, Thierry Le Tourneau, Pierre Vladimir Ennezat, Philippe Pibarot
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Usefulness of exercise-stress echocardiography for risk stratification of true asymptomatic patients with aortic valve stenosis

Sylvestre Maréchaux et al. Eur Heart J. 2010 Jun.

Abstract

Aims Abnormal exercise test defined as the occurrence of exercise limiting symptoms, fall in blood pressure below baseline, or complex ventricular arrhythmias is useful to predict clinical events in asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis (AS). The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise-stress echocardiography (ESE) adds any incremental prognostic value to resting echocardiography in patients with AS having a normal exercise response. Methods and results One hundred and eighty-six asymptomatic patients with at least moderate AS and preserved LV ejection fraction (>/=50%) were assessed by Doppler-echocardiography at rest and during a maximum ramp semi-supine bicycle exercise test. Fifty-one (27%) patients had an abnormal exercise test and were excluded from the present analysis. Among the 135 patients with normal exercise test, 67 had an event (aortic valve replacement motivated by symptoms or cardiovascular death) at a mean follow-up of 20 +/- 14 months. The variables independently associated with events were: age >/=65 years [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15-3.47; P = 0.01], diabetes, (HR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.33-6.87; P = 0.01), LV hypertrophy (HR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.17-3.27; P = 0.01), resting mean gradient >35 mmHg (HR = 3.60; 95% CI: 2.11-6.37; P < 0.0001), and exercise-induced increase in mean gradient >20 mmHg (HR = 3.83; 95% CI: 2.16-6.67; P < 0.0001). Conclusion The exercise-induced increase in transvalvular gradient may be helpful to improve risk stratification in asymptomatic AS patients with normal exercise response. These results thus suggest that ESE may provide additional prognostic information over that obtained from standard exercise testing and resting echocardiography.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Event-free survival as a function of the level of rest mean gradient (A), increase in gradient during exercise (B), and combination of rest gradient and exercise-induced increase in gradient (C). MG, mean gradient; Exer. ΔMG, exercise-induced increase in mean gradient.
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