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Review
. 2010 May;91(5):1499S-1505S.
doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28701B. Epub 2010 Mar 24.

Childhood obesity and adult morbidities

Frank M Biro  1 , Michelle Wien
Affiliations
Review

Childhood obesity and adult morbidities

Frank M Biro et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 May.

Abstract

The prevalence and severity of obesity have increased in recent years, likely the result of complex interactions between genes, dietary intake, physical activity, and the environment. The expression of genes favoring the storage of excess calories as fat, which have been selected for over many millennia and are relatively static, has become maladaptive in a rapidly changing environment that minimizes opportunities for energy expenditure and maximizes opportunities for energy intake. The consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity include earlier puberty and menarche in girls, type 2 diabetes and increased incidence of the metabolic syndrome in youth and adults, and obesity in adulthood. These changes are associated with cardiovascular disease as well as with several cancers in adults, likely through insulin resistance and production of inflammatory cytokines. Although concerns have arisen regarding environmental exposures, there have been no formal expert recommendations. Currently, the most important factors underlying the obesity epidemic are the current opportunities for energy intake coupled with limited energy expenditure.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Obesity trends among US adults. Obesity is defined as BMI (in kg/m2) ≥30. Reproduced from reference 5.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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