[Maternal tetanus in Dakar from 2000 to 2007]

Abstract

The objective of this study conducted between January 2000 and December 2007 was to assess the current epidemiological, clinical and outcome features of maternal tetanus (MT) observed in the Infectious Diseases Clinic of Fann University Hospital in Dakar, Senegal. A total of 1156 patients were admitted for tetanus during this period including 9 (0.8%) presenting MT. A progressive decrease in the annual number of MT cases was observed. The mean age of MT patients was 28.3 years [range, 18 to 40 years]. Most cases (n=6) involved persons living in suburban areas, as did tetanus in women of childbearing age (WCBA) (51.9% of 129 cases) and in neonates (63.1% of 103 cases) admitted during the same period. All patients had fallen behind the vaccination schedule. Septic abortion (n=7) was the main etiological factor. Although tetanus was graded as moderate in 8 patients (Mollaret stage 2), the death rate was high (44.4%) due to infectious and obstetric complications. This rate was similar to that associated with tetanus in newborns (48.5%), but higher than that associated with tetanus in WCBA (25.6%). The incidence of life-threatening MT is declining in the Infectious Diseases Clinic of Fann University Hospital in Dakar. A systematic immunization program along with campaigns to prevent unwanted pregnancy in women of childbearing age will be needed to eliminate maternal and newborn tetanus in Dakar.