[Diagnosis of celiac disease in adults]

Abstract

Celiac disease (CD) is found in genetically predisposed individuals, and characterized by an intolerance to ingestion of gluten, contained in cereals such as barley, rye, wheat and malt. Clinical manifestations of CD vary from asymptomatic patients to severe forms of malabsorption syndromes, which may involve multiple systems and increase the risk of some malignancies. Diagnosis of CD requires a high degree of suspicion. There is no single test for the diagnosis, which is reached after a combination of clinical and laboratory data. The first step for diagnosis is a serum test such as tissue antitransglutaminase, antibodies or antiendomisio. If serum result is positive, prompt duodenal biopsy is necessary for diagnostic confirmation. An IgA deficiency, which occurs in 3% of patients with DC, may lead to false-negatives because serology is based on IgA. Another situation of false-negative tests is diet restriction of gluten; therefore diagnostic investigation must be carried out during a diet containing gluten. The screening for CD in asymptomatic individuals is not indicated.