Increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for hospitalisation of women with lupus during pregnancy: a nationwide population-based study

Abstract

Objectives: Using a nationwide population-based dataset to examine the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with and without SLE hospitalisation during pregnancy.

Methods: We identified 1,010 pregnant women who had SLE during 2001 2003 as the study cohort and 5,050 randomly selected pregnant women (five for every woman with SLE) as a comparison cohort. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between women with and without SLE and the risk of low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, and babies small for gestational age (SGA), after adjusting for the characteristics of the infant, mother, and father.

Results: We found that there were significant differences in the risk of LBW (14.9% vs. 7.2%), preterm birth (14.4% vs. 8.5%), and SGA (28.5% vs. 17.5%) for women with SLE compared to women without. In addition, the adjusted odds of LBW, preterm birth, and SGA babies for women who had SLE during pregnancy were 6.15 (95% CI=4.15-9.13), 4.19 (95% CI=2.77-6.36), and 4.25 (95% CI=2.95-6.11) times, respectively, compared to women without any chronic illness. The adjusted odds of LBW, preterm birth, and SGA babies for women who had SLE but were not hospitalized during pregnancy were 1.80 (95% CI=1.43-2.26), 1.62 (95% CI=1.30-2.03), and 1.63 (95% CI=1.38-1.94) times, respectively, compared to unaffected mothers.

Conclusions: We conclude that SLE can impact the pregnancy outcomes, especially if hospitalisation occurs during the pregnancy.