Isoallergen variations contribute to the overall complexity of effector cell degranulation: effect mediated through differentiated IgE affinity

Abstract

Most allergens exist in several variants (isoallergens), each of which may be recognized differently by patient IgE. We have previously shown that several properties of the IgE repertoire, including IgE affinity and IgE clonality, are important factors determining degranulation responses of effector cells involved in type I allergic reactions. However, less is known about how the repertoire of naturally occurring isoallergens may affect this response. Thus, in this study, we investigated how individual rIgE Ab clones derived from a human subject are able to distinguish among variants of Der p 2 isoallergens and assessed the impact on basophil degranulation. Biacore analyses showed that individual rIgE clones cloned from an individual allergic to house dust mites recognized Der p 2 with binding affinities varying up to 100-fold between different Der p 2 isoforms. In a well-defined biological system consisting of human basophils sensitized with low rIgE clonality, degranulation responses were directly related to rIgE affinity toward particular rDer p 2 isoallergens. However, basophils sensitized with polyclonal patients' sera showed no differences in degranulation responses toward the different rDer p 2 isoallergens. In conclusion, our study shows that individual IgE Abs are able to bind single allergens with a broad range of affinities due to natural isoallergen variations, contributing further to the overall complexity of IgE-allergen interactions at the effector cell surface, which is, however, blurred by the polyclonal nature of patients' IgE repertoires.