Rotavirus as a cause of diarrhea in pigs

Abstract

A rotavirus (reovirus-like agent) was associated with diarrheal diseases occurring in 1- to 4-week-old suckling pigs in 8 herds and in weaned pigs in 2 herds. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus was also detected in 2 of these herds, as was enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in 5 herds. Morbidity was generally greater than 80% in pigs of the affected age group within these herds, and mortality from diarrhea ranged from 7 to 20%. The disease due to rotavirus in suckling pigs appeared similar to the syndrome commonly referred to as milk scours, white scours, or 3-week scours. Diarrhea and villous atrophy, resembling that seen in transmissible gastroenteritis, occurred in naturally infected pigs and in gnotobiotic pigs experimentally infected with rotavirus. Diagnosis was accomplished by immune electron microscopy of intestinal contents and by immunofluorescent staining of enterocytes. A massive infection of enterocytes with rotavirus was demonstrated by immunofluorescence, which helps explain the pathogenesis of this disease. The apparent rarity of clinical rotaviral infections in suckling pigs greater than 7 days old is probably due to the acquisition of passive immunity from immune sows.