Psychosocial predictors of participation in a work site health-promotion program

Abstract

An understanding of psychosocial factors associated with participation in health promotion programs could lead to targetted interventions to increase enrollment. This study used questionnaires to measure employees' perception of program efficacy, health attitudes, beliefs, social support, and stress prior to the introduction of a comprehensive health promotion program at a research and development work site. The association of these factors with enrollment in the program was then prospectively determined. In addition, open-ended questionnaires were used retrospectively to determine additional factors associated with participation. Of the above factors, only program efficacy was significantly associated with participation in the entire sample. Perceived social support was associated with participation among non-white employees. In open-ended questionnaires, a desire for health information, a desire for help with behavior change, and concern about health status were the most commonly given reasons for participating. The study findings imply that environmental factors operating during the enrollment period at the work site may be more powerful than preexisting attitudes and beliefs in determining participation.