Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2010 Jun;55(6):1001-8.
doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.01.016. Epub 2010 Apr 8.

Association of socioeconomic status and CKD among African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study

Marino A Bruce  1 , Bettina M Beech, Errol D Crook, Mario Sims, Sharon B Wyatt, Michael F Flessner, Herman A Taylor, David R Williams, Ermeg L Akylbekova, T Alp Ikizler
Affiliations

Association of socioeconomic status and CKD among African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study

Marino A Bruce et al. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010 Jun.

Abstract

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is recognized as a key social environmental factor because it has implications for access to resources that help individuals care for themselves and others. Few studies have examined the association of SES with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in high-risk populations.

Study design: Single-site longitudinal population-based cohort.

Setting & participants: Data for this study were drawn from the baseline examination of the Jackson Heart Study. The analytic cohort consisted of 3,430 African American men and women living in the tricounty region of the Jackson, MS, metropolitan area with complete data to determine CKD status.

Predictor: High SES (defined as having a family income at least 3.5 times the poverty level or having at least 1 undergraduate degree).

Outcomes & measurements: CKD (defined as the presence of albuminuria or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate [<60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)]). Associations were explored using bivariable analyses and multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusting for CKD and cardiovascular disease risk factors, as well as demographic factors.

Results: The prevalence of CKD in the Jackson Heart Study was 20% (865 of 3,430 participants). Proportions of the Jackson Heart Study cohort with albuminuria and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate were 12.5% (429 of 3,430 participants) and 10.1% (347 of 3,430 participants), respectively. High SES was associated inversely with CKD. The odds of having CKD were 41% lower for affluent participants than their less affluent counterparts. There were no statistically significant interactions between sex and education or income, although subgroup analysis showed that high income was associated with CKD in men (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.23-0.97), but not women (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.40-1.03).

Limitations: Models were estimated using cross-sectional data.

Conclusion: CKD is associated with SES. Additional research is needed to elucidate the impact of wealth and social contexts in which individuals are embedded and the mediating effects of sociocultural factors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Comment in

References

    1. Hsu C-Y, Lin F, Vittinghoff E, Shlipak MG. Racial differences in the progression from chronic renal insufficiency to end-stage renal disease in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14:2902–2907. - PubMed
    1. Tareen N, Zadshir A, Martins D, Pan D, Nicholas S, Norris K. Chronic kidney disease in African American and Mexican American populations. Kidney Int. 2005;68(Supplement 97):S137–S140. - PubMed
    1. Krieger N. The ostrich, the albatross, and public health: an ecosocial perspective--or why an explicit focus on health consequences of discrimination and deprivation is vital for good science and public health practice. Public Health Rep. 2001;116(5):419–423. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Krieger N. Theories for social epidemiology in the 21st century: an ecosocial perspective. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30(4):668–677. - PubMed
    1. Norris K, Nissenson AR. Race, gender, and socioeconomic disparities in CKD in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Jul;19(7):1261–1270. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms