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Review
. 2010 Feb 4;8(2):269-84.
doi: 10.3390/md8020269.

Alkaloids in marine algae

Kasim Cemal Güven  1 , Aline Percot, Ekrem Sezik
Affiliations
Review

Alkaloids in marine algae

Kasim Cemal Güven et al. Mar Drugs. .

Abstract

This paper presents the alkaloids found in green, brown and red marine algae. Algal chemistry has interested many researchers in order to develop new drugs, as algae include compounds with functional groups which are characteristic from this particular source. Among these compounds, alkaloids present special interest because of their pharmacological activities. Alkaloid chemistry has been widely studied in terrestrial plants, but the number of studies in algae is insignificant. In this review, a detailed account of macro algae alkaloids with their structure and pharmacological activities is presented. The alkaloids found in marine algae may be divided into three groups: 1. Phenylethylamine alkaloids, 2. Indole and halogenated indole alkaloids, 3. Other alkaloids.

Keywords: alkaloids; halogenated indole alkaloids; indole alkaloids; other alkaloids; phenylethylamine alkaloids.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structures of phenylethylamine derivatives: (a) PEA; (b) N-ACPEA; (c) TYR; (d) N-ACTYR; (e) HORD; (f) DOP.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Structures of CLP analogues (I, II, III).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Structure of CLS.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Structure of FRG.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Structures of MRT A and MRT B.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Structures of MRF A.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Structures of DTCs.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Structures of ALM isomers E and Z.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Structures of bromo compounds isolated from red algae Laurencia brongniartii, Laurencia similis and Laurencia decumbens.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Structures of thiobromo compounds isolated from the red alga Laurencia brongniartii.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Structures of thiomethyl and sulfoxide containing bromoindoles isolated from Laurencia brongniartii.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Structure of polyhalogenated indoles from Rhodophyllis membranacea.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Structure of bromobisindoles isolated from Chaetomorpha basiretorsa and Laurencia similis.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Structure of thiomethyl containing bromobisindole.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Structure of LO A and LO B.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Trier G. Die Alkaloide. Verlag von Gebrüder; Borntraeger, Berlin, Germany: 1931. pp. 1–10.
    1. Swan GA. An Introduction to the Alkaloids. Black Well Scientific; Oxford and Edinburgh, UK: 1967. p. 1.
    1. Bentley KW. The Alkaloids. Interscience; New York, NY, USA: 1957. p. 1.
    1. Numata A, Takahashi C, Ito Y, Takada T, Kawai K, Usami Y, Matsumura E, Imachi M, Ito T, Hasegawo T. Communesin, cytotoxic metabolites of a fungus isolated from a marine algae. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993;34:2355–2358.

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