[Rhinoscleroma]

Abstract

Rhinoescleroma is a chronic infectious granuloma due to Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis. The nose is involved in all cases with frequent extension to other parts of the airways. Rhinoscleroma is endemic to areas of Africa, South-East Asia, Mexico, Central and South America, and Central and Eastern Europe. In the past, rhinoscleroma was infrequent in the Spanish population but, with current trends in migration, the incidence of rhinoscleroma may be on the rise. Diagnosis is made by direct evidence of bacteria in exudate or nasal biopsy. Differential diagnosis must consider syphilis, midline granuloma and malignancy.