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Review
. 2010 Aug;99(8):475-81.
doi: 10.1007/s00392-010-0159-1. Epub 2010 Apr 21.

Definitions and incidence of cardiac syndrome X: review and analysis of clinical data

I A C Vermeltfoort  1 , P G H M Raijmakers, I I Riphagen, D A M Odekerken, A F M Kuijper, A Zwijnenburg, G J J Teule
Affiliations
Review

Definitions and incidence of cardiac syndrome X: review and analysis of clinical data

I A C Vermeltfoort et al. Clin Res Cardiol. 2010 Aug.

Abstract

There is no consensus regarding the definition of cardiac syndrome X (CSX). We systematically reviewed recent literature using a standardized search strategy. We included 57 articles. A total of 47 studies mentioned a male/female distribution. A meta-analysis yielded a pooled proportion of females of 0.56 (n = 1,934 patients, with 95% confidence interval: 0.54-0.59). As much as 9 inclusion criteria and 43 exclusion criteria were found in the 57 articles. Applying these criteria to a population with normal coronary angiograms and treated in 1 year at a general hospital, the attributable CSX incidence varied between 3 and 11%. The many inclusion and exclusion criteria result in a wide range of definitions of CSX and these have large effects on the incidence. This shows the need for a generally accepted definition of CSX.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Plot of proportion of women of individual studies, including 95% confidence intervals
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Flowchart of the available information
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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